MindMap Gallery General Psychology Problem Solving
This is a mind map about problem solving in general psychology. Problem solving is caused by a certain situation. According to certain goals, various cognitive activities, skills, etc. are applied. After a series of psychological operations, the problem is solved. The process of solving.
Edited at 2023-11-28 12:29:20El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
problem solved
concept
Problem solving is caused by a certain situation. According to a certain goal, various cognitive activities, skills, etc. are applied. After a series of psychological operations, it is the process of solving the problem.
type
According to the degree of clarity
clearly defined problem
Issues in which the initial state, target state, and a series of processes from the initial state to the target state are clear
vaguely defined issues
Without a clear description of the initial state of the goal or the goal state, or neither, these problems involve significant uncertainty.
Does the answerer have a rival?
adversarial question
When solving adversarial problems, you must not only consider your own problem-solving activities, but also consider the impact of your opponent's problem-solving activities.
Examples: chess, Go, poker
non-adversarial questions
Problem solving without the involvement of an opponent
Examples: algebraic problems, geometry problems
How much relevant knowledge the answerer has
semantically rich questions
The solver has a lot of relevant knowledge about the problem being solved
The problem of poor semantics
The problem solver has no relevant experience with the problem to be solved
Depends on how the problem is solved
Arrangement problem
Rearrange the information given to achieve a certain goal
Structure derivation problem
Based on the information given, deduce or summarize the relationship between objects
conversion problem
Convert the initial state to the target state through a series of operations
Problem-solving brain mechanisms
The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex plays an important role in problem-solving activities
Patients with frontal lobe injuries can only make simple inferences based on certain characteristics of directly perceived things, but cannot discover the connections and relationships between them.
The left temporal lobe and parieto-occipital lobe of the brain are also closely related to problem solving
When the left temporal lobe is damaged, verbal and auditory memory is hampered, making it difficult to retain the conditions in question
problem solving strategies
algorithm strategy
Randomly search all possible solutions to the problem in the problem space until an efficient method is selected to solve the problem
heuristic strategy
Also known as the rule of thumb, it refers to an individual's search within the problem space based on certain knowledge and experience to achieve a problem-solving strategy.
means-ends analysis
Divide the goal state of the problem into several sub-goals, and ultimately achieve the overall goal by achieving a series of sub-goals.
mountain climbing
Using a certain method to gradually reduce the distance between the initial state and the target state is a method to solve the problem.
reverse search method
A problem-solving strategy that starts from the target state of the problem and gradually recurses to the current state according to the logical sequence of the goals.
Factors affecting problem solving
The role of knowledge and experience in problem solving
Differences in the amount of knowledge between experts and novices
The only difference between experts and novices is the way they organize themselves
The impact of irrelevant information
problem representation method
Mindset
Set: The readiness for activities caused by repeating previous mental operations determines the tendency of subsequent similar thinking activities. It has both positive and negative images
functional fixation
It means that individuals only see the normal functions of certain things when solving problems, but cannot see other aspects of their functions.
motivations and emotions
Within certain limits, the intensity of motivation is directly proportional to problem solving, but motivation that is too strong or too weak will reduce the effectiveness of problem solving.
interpersonal relationships
Conformity: When people solve problems, they often require the same approach as those around them
Mutual collaboration and mutual help within the team are positive factors that enable the problem to be solved quickly; on the contrary, mutual distrust and interpersonal tension will hinder the solution of the problem.
creativity and imagination
what is creativity
The psychological process in which people use novel ways to solve problems and produce new, socially valuable products.
psychological components of creativity
imagine
meaning
The process of processing and transforming existing images in the mind to create new images
Function
foresee
Supplement knowledge and experience
replace
It has a regulating effect on the physiological activities of the body and can change the process of peripheral body activities.
imaginary synthesis process
bond
People combine attributes, characteristics, and parts that have never been combined in objective things in their minds to form new images.
Exaggeration also known as emphasis
Form a new image in the mind by changing the normal characteristics of objective things, or highlighting certain characteristics and omitting others.
typification
The process of creating a new image based on the common characteristics of a type of things
types of imagination
Unintentional imagination
An imagination that arises unconsciously without a predetermined purpose. It is a process in which people involuntarily imagine something under the influence of certain stimuli when their consciousness is weakened.
intentionally imagine
It is an imagination carried out consciously and for a certain purpose.
Convergent thinking and divergent thinking
The Divergent Generation Test measures creativity using the fluency, flexibility, and uniqueness of divergent thinking.
fluency
Number of divergent projects per unit time
flexibility
Divergent project scope or dimensions
unique
Can provide extraordinary, unique and novel insights into problems.
long-distance association ability
The ability to see relationships between concepts that are distant from each other
Non-intellectual factors related to creativity