Energy is the substance or physical quantity that an object or system has the ability to change the state of other objects or produce physical effects. It can be expressed in the form of motion energy, thermal energy, potential energy, electrical energy, radiation energy, etc. of an object. Energy is one of the most basic concepts in the physical world, and the law of conservation is one of the basic properties of energy in nature. According to Einstein's mass-energy equation E=mc², mass can also be regarded as a form of energy. Energy units usually use joules (J) or kilocalories (kcal), etc.

The regulation of energy metabolism refers to the process by which the body adjusts energy consumption and energy storage to maintain energy balance in the body. The regulation of energy metabolism is influenced by multiple factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors, diet and exercise.

Hormone regulation refers to the process of regulating physiological functions and metabolic activities by hormones produced by the endocrine system. The mechanism includes the following aspects:

1) The special kinetic effect of food refers to the heat generated during the digestion and metabolism of food, which is used to maintain body temperature and other physiological functions of the body. The special dynamic effects of the three nutrients are: the special dynamic effect of protein is 20-30%, the special dynamic effect of carbohydrates is 5-10%, and the special dynamic effect of fat is 0-3%. (2) Warm-blooded animals maintain relative stability of body temperature in cold environments through the following methods: Curling or contracting muscles to reduce body surface area and reduce heat loss. Activates brown adipose tissue to generate heat. Narrow blood vessels, reduce blood flow to the skin surface, and prevent heat loss. Increases metabolic rate and improves heat production in the body. (3) In hot environments or during strenuous exercise, warm-blooded animals adjust their body’s heat dissipation activities in the following ways: Heat is dissipated through perspiration, which removes heat from the body when it evaporates. Dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow on the skin surface, and promote heat dissipation. Breathing speeds up, increasing the amount of air exhaled, taking away heat from the body. (4) Fever patients are often accompanied by a shivering reaction because when they have a fever, the temperature regulation center in the body will increase the body temperature set value. As a result, when the body temperature is lower than the new set value, the body will produce a shivering reaction and generate heat through muscle shaking. , to increase body temperature. (5) Based on the principle of heat dissipation, methods for cooling patients with high fever include: Use physical cooling methods such as cold compresses, cold water immersion, and ice packs on areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin. Give cooling drugs, such as antipyretic drugs (such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc.). Keep the ambient temperature appropriate and avoid high temperature environments. Maintain adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration from increasing body temperature.