Energy absorbing

release energy

Common organic chemical reaction mechanisms in metabolism

in vitro

in vivo

the most effective way

advantage

shortcoming

Antimetabolites or enzyme inhibitors

exploiting genetic defects

A series of energy transformations that occur along with material metabolism in organisms

Law of Conservation of Energy - Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

Any physical or chemical process spontaneously tends to increase the total entropy of the system and the environment

Free Energy

The standard free energy changes of each reaction in a coupling chemical reaction are additive.

>0 Not spontaneous, requires energy

Compounds can release a large amount of free energy >21KJ/mol with hydrolysis reaction or group transfer reaction

bond energy

type

Coupling agent for intracellular energy metabolism

One phospholipid bond and two phosphoric anhydride bonds with phosphate groups >30KJ/mol

Intermediate carrier for intracellular phosphate group conversion

37°

Enter neutral aqueous solution environment

Catalysis by a series of enzymes

Energy is gradually released

Capture energy in the form of ATP

direct decarboxylation

Divided into mitochondrial oxidation system and non-mitochondrial oxidation

After the hydrogen atoms on the metabolites are activated and shed by dehydrogenase, they pass through a series of transfer bodies and are finally transferred to the activated oxygen molecules and combine with them to form the entire system of H2O.

category

Use standard redox potential to determine the order of components in the respiratory chain

Determining the sequence of transmitters using inhibitors of specific respiratory chains

In vitro recombination experiments of electron transport confirm the sequence of the transmitter

Except for part of the energy produced by organisms through biological oxidation, which is used to maintain body temperature, most of it can be transferred to ATP through phosphorylation (phosphorylation accompanied by exoergic oxidation)

substrate level phosphorylation

Electron transport system phosphorylation

The P/O ratio is the number of moles of inorganic phosphoric acid consumed per 1 mol of oxygen atoms.

chemical osmosis theory

conformational change theory

respiratory chain blockers

uncoupling agent

Ionophore inhibitors

proton channel blockers