Bio-catalyst

Most of it is protein and a small amount of RNA

Efficiency

specificity

sensitivity

Adjustability

ribozyme

protein

monomeric enzyme

Oligomerase

multienzyme complex

Depending on the substrate of the enzyme and the type of enzymatic reaction

Source of enzymes

Lack of systematicity and accuracy

Enzymology Committee (EC)

EC.1 (Redox).1 (Large Subcategory).1 (Receptor-NAD).27 (Serial Number)

active center/active site

A group of enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction, but have different molecular structure composition, physical and chemical properties, immune properties and regulatory characteristics of the enzyme itself

The same reaction step is subject to independent feedback regulation by multiple metabolites, making metabolic regulation very sophisticated.

absolute specificity

relative specificity

When there are stereoisomers in the reactants, choose only one enzyme

Coordinated chemical reactions in living organisms

lock and key theory

transition state complementarity theory

induced fit theory

For reactants to transform into products, they must enter a higher energy state

The state of the reactant molecules with lower energy

Transition state molecules have more free energy than ground state molecules

The energy generated by enzymes and substrates through these non-covalent interactions

The active site of the enzyme molecule binds to the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate complex

chymotrypsin

Michaelis-Menten equation

Interfering with enzyme catalysis

Optimum temperature

Acid denaturation/alkali denaturation

Change the dissociation state of a group

Affects the dissociation state of the substrate and the dissociation state of the intermediate complex ES

Affects the active center conformation of enzymes

Optimum pH

Improve enzyme activity

Change the amount and distribution of enzymes

Change the activity of existing enzyme molecules in cells

A regulatory site in an enzyme that changes the catalytic activity of the enzyme

allosteric enzyme

effector

When an enzyme is catalyzed by other enzymes, certain groups in its peptide chain undergo reversible covalent modification, resulting in the mutual conversion of the enzyme between the active (or highly active) form and the inactive (or low active) form.

zymogen

activation

Enzyme activity/enzyme activity

enzyme activity unit

enzyme specific activity

Preparation of crude extract

purification

Storage of enzyme preparations

A new application technology formed by organically combining the basic principles of enzymology, chemical engineering technology and genetic recombination technology

immobilization of enzymes