MindMap Gallery Overview of Confucianism
This is a mind map about the overview of Confucianism, represented by Confucius and Mencius. The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it can help interested friends learn.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Confucianism
Confucius
Benevolence
Thoughts of destiny and ghosts
Heaven has its destiny, which exists independent of human subjective will. It is the ruler of heaven and earth. Only by understanding and understanding our destiny can we realize our ideals and gain freedom.
theory of knowledge
Learn more, see more, know more, ask more
golden mean
methodology
benevolence thought
Benevolence is internal and propriety is external, normative ideological system
Thoughts on the rule of virtue
Governance is based on virtue: Tao is governed by government, and justice is punished, so that the people can avoid it without being shameful; Tao is governed by virtue, and justice is governed by etiquette, which is shameful and dignified.
Combination of leniency and violence: Criminal law can only correct mistakes and solve existing problems, but morality can nip problems in the bud.
Governance based on virtue is like Beichen, who lives in his place and is supported by the hearts of the people: the premise of virtuous government is that the person who governs is upright.
Virtuous government: benefiting the people, nourishing the people, and benefiting the people
ethics
Benevolence is not a special code of conduct for rulers, but a moral requirement for everyone, emphasizing the subjectivity of moral cultivation.
doctrine of righteousness and benefit
Moral values are higher than material interests. People’s spiritual needs are far more meaningful than material needs. The pursuit of benefits must be conditional.
Thoughts on correcting names
Correcting names is a prerequisite for reasonable speech. Names and facts must be consistent. Names must be certain.
Be careful and expressive
Analogy method: draw inferences from one instance and learn ten from one.
logical thought
theory of perfection
Examining aesthetic art from the perspective of benevolence
Goodness is more fundamental and important. Beauty and goodness are harmonious and unified.
The theory of teaching without distinction
Education is an important part of social development
Literary conduct, loyalty and trustworthiness are the main content of education
Everyone has the right to education
Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Teaching by words and deeds
Mencius
benevolent government
Use the cloak of warmth to ease social conflicts and maintain feudal rule
Strict class system
"Parents": Implementing benevolent government can win the support of the people, but otherwise it will be overthrown by the people
People-oriented thinking: the people are the most valuable, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important.
Wellfield system: Feudal natural economy, small peasant economy, exploitative form of land rent, people have perseverance if they have permanent property, and will not violate the law
Set up schools and use the principles of filial piety and brotherhood to teach people to be kind.
The government of being intolerant of others (heart) starts from blood relations (realistic) "If the ruler has a serious fault, he will remonstrate. If he repeats it and does not listen, he will change his position."
ethics
Moral cultivation is the foundation of benevolent government
Ethics: benevolence, justice, propriety and wisdom
The most important thing: benevolence and righteousness
Basics: Filial piety: the way of Yao and Shun, only filial piety and brotherhood
If every member of society uses benevolence and righteousness to deal with all kinds of interpersonal relationships, the stability of the feudal order and the unity of the world will be reliably guaranteed.
Human relations: father and son are related, monarch and ministers are righteous, husband and wife are distinguished, elders and young are orderly, and friends have trust.
Origin: Human nature is inherently good. Rulers and the ruled have universal human nature. What distinguishes humans from beasts is that humans are moral.
theory of good nature
moral transcendentalism
After the Song Dynasty, it was generally accepted by Neo-Confucians and became the orthodox theory of human nature with far-reaching influence.
Everyone has four qualities: the heart of compassion, the heart of resignation, the heart of right and wrong, and the heart of shame and disgust
Wealth cannot be lascivious, poverty cannot be moved, power cannot be subdued
A man who sacrifices his life for righteousness has an awe-inspiring spirit and is extremely strong.
philosophy
Thoughts of destiny
Heaven is a spiritual entity with moral attributes
Sincerity: the essential attribute of heaven
Heaven: The origin of the inherent moral concepts of human nature
Obey the arrangements of Heaven: Be optimistic about Heaven, fear Heaven, and serve Heaven (objective idealism)
Relationship between Heaven and Man: Interconnection between Heaven and Man
He who knows his nature knows his nature. If he knows his nature, he knows the heaven.
All things are prepared for me, and if I reflect on myself, I will be sincere, and there is no greater happiness.
Therefore, being sincere is the way of heaven; being sincere is the way of man.
Devoting one’s heart and mind to knowing the heaven
methodology
Emphasize the subject's consciousness and introverted pursuit. With a color of mysticism, a pretentious spiritual pillar, and a heroic view of history