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Medicine - Analysis of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
This is a mind map about the analysis of medical-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, including structure and properties, identification tests, related substances and inspections, etc.
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Medicine - Analysis of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
Analysis of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
Structure and properties
structure
Contains phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine core
basic skeleton
nature
Reducing property, the dihydropyridine ring is reducing
Oxidizing property, most benzene rings have nitro groups, nitro groups are oxidizing properties
Dissociation property: the interaction between dihydropyridine drugs and bases can cause dissociation of hydrogen at positions 1 and 4 of the dihydropyridine ring.
Photo-instability. The two hydrogen atoms at 1 and 4-position of the dihydropyridine ring are particularly active in dissociation and reactivity. They are extremely unstable when exposed to light, are easily oxidized, and are prone to photocatalytic disproportionation reactions under light conditions.
Optical rotation, the C-4 position is mostly a chiral carbon atom, and the chiral enantiomer has optical rotation
Absorption spectral characteristics, with aromatic rings and characteristic absorption in the ultraviolet region
identification test
Chemical identification method
Reacts with ferrous salts
The oxidizing property of nitro group oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric iron
Reacts with alkaline test solution
The acetone solution of this type of drug reacts with sodium hydroxide test solution to produce orange-red color, and reacts with potassium hydroxide to produce orange-yellow color.
precipitation reaction
It is alkaloid and can form precipitates with metal salts
Diazotization-coupling reaction
The nitro group is reduced to an aromatic primary amino group by zinc powder under acidic conditions
Spectrophotometry
UV spectrophotometry
Aromatic rings have characteristic absorption in the ultraviolet region
Infrared spectrophotometry
chromatography
thin layer chromatography
HPLC
Chemical identification is generally used to identify raw materials, and instrumental analysis is preferred for preparations.
Related substances and inspections
Main related substances of dihydropyridine drugs
It is unstable when exposed to light and is prone to photocatalytic disproportionation reactions and the introduction of impurities. Therefore, it is required to conduct relevant substance inspections under light-proof conditions.
Inspection of related substances in nifedipine
Inspection of degradation impurities
Use HPLC method to inspect oxidation product impurities I, photodegradation product impurities II and related substances
Inspection of other alkaline impurities
Check for alkaline impurities such as aminobutylene garlic methyl ester that may be introduced during the synthesis process
Dissolution testing
For the dissolution determination of nimodipine tablets by ChP and BP, acetate buffer containing 0.3% sodium lauryl sulfate was used to promote the dissolution of nimodipine in the preparation.
Content determination
Characteristic method - cerium method
Using Ce (SO4) 2-position titrant, quantitative redox titration using the oxidizing property of Ce4
When the acidity is low, Ce4 is easily hydrolyzed, so the titration must be carried out under strongly acidic conditions.
Ce4 is yellow and Ce3 is colorless, so Ce4 itself can be used as an indicator, but it is not sensitive enough. Usually o-phenanthroline is used as indicator, and the end point is sensitive.