MindMap Gallery China’s scientific and technological achievements in aerospace (part)
This is a mind map about China’s scientific and technological achievements in aerospace. The main content includes: space station construction, commercial aerospace, deep space exploration, Mars exploration, lunar exploration engineering, manned space engineering, rocket and missile technology.
Edited at 2024-02-18 20:43:49China’s scientific and technological achievements in aerospace
rocket and missile technology
In 1960, China successfully launched its first independently developed surface-to-surface missile, Dongfeng-1.
In 1970, China successfully launched its first artificial earth satellite, Dongfanghong-1, marking China as the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial satellites.
Manned space engineering
On October 15, 2003, China successfully launched the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, and Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to enter space.
In 2008, the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft successfully carried out its first spacewalk mission, and Zhai Zhigang completed the first Chinese spacewalk.
In 2012, Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 were manually docked, and Liu Yang became China's first female astronaut in space.
In 2016, the Tiangong-2 space laboratory was successfully launched and successfully completed automatic and manual docking with the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft.
On June 17, 2021, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft was successfully launched and docked with the Tianhe core module. The flight crew composed of Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo stationed at the China Space Station. This is the first step in the space station stage of China's manned space project The first manned mission.
Lunar exploration project
In 2007, the Chang'e-1 lunar probe was successfully launched, marking the beginning of China's lunar exploration project.
In 2010, Chang'e-2 was successfully launched and obtained higher-definition images of the entire moon.
In 2013, the Chang'e-3 probe successfully soft-landed on the lunar surface, and the Yutu lunar rover conducted patrol inspections. China became the third country after the Soviet Union and the United States to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface.
In 2018, Chang'e-4 successfully landed in the Von Kármán Impact Crater in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon, achieving the first soft landing and patrol survey of a human probe on the far side of the moon.
In 2020, the Chang'e-5 returner successfully returned to Earth carrying lunar samples, making China the third country to retrieve soil samples from the moon.
Mars exploration
In 2020, the Tianwen-1 Mars probe was successfully launched and successfully landed on Mars' Utopia Planitia the following year, completing China's first Mars exploration mission.
deep space exploration
After successfully completing the Mars exploration mission, China launched the asteroid exploration mission-Tianwen-2 in 2021. It plans to sample and return near-Earth asteroids, further expanding the territory of my country's deep space exploration.
At the same time, China has also planned a series of subsequent deep space exploration projects such as the exploration of the edge of the solar system and the exploration of the Jupiter and Saturn systems, aiming to explore the mysteries of the universe and enhance the depth and breadth of human understanding of the universe.
commercial aerospace
1. Large passenger aircraft C919: On May 5, 2017, the C919, the first domestically produced large passenger jet developed by COMAC, successfully made its maiden flight. The C919 is China's short- and medium-range commercial mainline aircraft independently developed in accordance with international civil aviation regulations and with independent intellectual property rights. It marks China's formal entry into the global large aircraft market.
2. ARJ21 regional aircraft: On November 28, 2008, China's independently developed new generation jet regional aircraft ARJ21-700 completed its first flight. On June 28, 2016, ARJ21 was officially put into commercial operation, becoming China's first new turbofan regional aircraft independently developed in accordance with international standards and with independent intellectual property rights.
3. Application of Beidou Satellite Navigation System in Civil Aviation: Since 2014, China has begun to promote the application of Beidou Satellite Navigation System in the field of civil aviation. At the end of 2020, the core constellation of the Beidou-3 global system was deployed, providing services around the world, including providing accurate and reliable navigation and positioning services for civil aviation.
4. Airbus A320 series final assembly line settled in China: In 2008, Airbus established the first A320 series aircraft final assembly line outside Europe in Tianjin, China. This is an important manifestation of the in-depth cooperation between China's aviation manufacturing industry and the world's advanced levels.
5. Research and development of new generation aviation engines: In recent years, China has made important breakthroughs in the field of aviation engines. The research and development and testing of high-performance civil aviation engines such as the Yangtze River-1000A are steadily advancing in order to solve the "heart" problem of my country's large aircraft.
Space station construction
1. Construction of the Tiangong Space Station: China successfully independently developed and launched the Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 laboratories, laying a solid foundation for subsequent verification of key space station technologies and astronauts’ long-term stay in space. In 2021, the Tianhe core module was successfully launched and entered the predetermined orbit, marking the official start of the comprehensive construction phase of the Tiangong Space Station in China.
2. Long-term residency technology: Chinese astronauts have completed multiple long-term residency missions on the Tiangong Space Station, verifying key technologies such as life support, environmental control, and material recycling to ensure that the astronauts live a healthy life and work efficiently in orbit.
3. Spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology: China has successfully mastered spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology in both automatic and manual modes, and has achieved multiple precise dockings between manned spacecraft, space laboratories, and core modules.
4. Scientific and technical experiments: A large number of microgravity scientific experiments and technical experiments have been carried out on the space station, covering biotechnology, physics, earth science, materials science and other fields, and a series of important scientific research results have been achieved.
5. Large spacecraft on-orbit assembly and maintenance technology: The Tiangong Space Station adopts a modular design, and each module is assembled in orbit after being launched separately, demonstrating China's advanced technical capabilities in the field of on-orbit assembly and maintenance of large and complex spacecraft.
6. Open cooperation: China’s space station is open to scientists from all over the world, and has been selected for scientific research projects from many countries, reflecting China’s positive attitude and substantial contribution to international aerospace cooperation.