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Food factory design - site selection and general layout
This is an article about food factory design - factory site selection and general layout mind map, including food factory site selection, food factory general layout trends, general layout design, etc.
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Food factory design - site selection and general layout
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- Outline
Factory site selection and general layout design
Food factory site selection
significance
Core content of project construction condition analysis
Global and long-term
Affect construction progress, production conditions, and economic benefits
Affect the working environment, surrounding environment, and ecological balance
general principles
In line with national policies and guidelines
Within the planning area, adapt to the unified layout
Save land
Land can be acquired in phases and in batches
Consider production conditions
Close to production raw material base and consumer market
Consider geography and geology
higher than historical flood levels
Natural drainage slope 0.004~0.008
Avoid locating on quicksand, silt, or landslide faults
The groundwater level in the cold storage location cannot be too high
Healthy environment qualified
Area size to meet long-term planning needs (building reserved land)
Consider investment and economic benefits
Convenient transportation conditions
certain power supply conditions
There is sufficient water source and the water quality meets drinking water quality standards
It is best to locate it near residential areas and reduce the welfare facilities for employees.
Consider the treatment and emissions of waste residue, waste water and waste gas during production
wind rose chart
Indicates local wind direction and wind direction frequency
Wind direction frequency
The number of occurrences of each direction as a percentage of the total wind direction within a certain period of time
The longest end line in the picture - the main wind direction
The wind direction in all directions is from the outer edge to the center
Polluting factories should be placed downwind
Specific steps
Preparation Phase
Organizational division of labor
Technical Information
Estimate
Production area area
living area area
The demand for raw materials and auxiliary materials, product output and the corresponding red are
predict
Emissions of three wastes, harmful components and sewage treatment area
Site investigation stage
Natural conditions
environment transportation
Drainage
public Utilities
Factory component setup options and their advantages and disadvantages
Economic conditions and development plans
Preparation of plant site selection report stage
Summarize the work of the first two stages
Prepare several plant site options for comparison
Propose recommended factory site options
Write a factory site selection report and submit it for approval
Factory site selection
plan comparison method
Program content
Basics: natural conditions
Subject: Technology and Economics
List several conditions as major influencing factors
in accordance with
Main factors: leading role
Combining design methods with practice
decision making
Compare natural conditions & technical conditions
Compare investment costs & operating expenses
No min for investment expenses & operating expenses → additional investment payback period
Saved operating expenses compensate for excess investment expenses
How many years will it take for the increased investment to be recovered through savings in operating expenses?
statistical analysis
Treat various conditions of the factory site as influencing factors
Correspond to each influencing factor of the factory site to be compared, compare and grade one by one.
Calculate the grade scores of various factors to get the best factory number
Rating optimization method
The main judgment factors are listed in the factory site plan comparison table
Give a certain proportion factor and evaluation value according to the degree of importance
The proportion factor of each plan is multiplied by the corresponding evaluation value to obtain the index evaluation score.
minimum shipping fee method
If other factors of several plans are basically the same, Then calculate the transportation costs for different plans separately.
raw materials
fuel
product
Site Selection Report
Factory selection basis and overview
Basic information about the proposed factory
Factory site plan comparison
Factory site recommendation plan
Opinions from the government and relevant parties
Conclusions, existing problems and suggestions
some tips
Close to raw material origin
The factory site is controlled within 2 hours of transportation by car from the acquisition site.
seasonal products
Lots of seasonal workers
The factory site is close to towns or residential areas
Depends on the transportation volume of raw materials and products
The transportation volume of raw materials is large and transportation is difficult
Close to the origin of raw materials
There are good conditions for establishing a raw material base nearby
Dairy products, canneries, juice factories, mineral water factories
Large product transportation volume
main consumption place
Beverage filling plants, breweries, cold drink plants, baked goods plants
Food factory general layout trends
The factory is large in scale and there are not many buildings in the production area. All workshops and warehouses are concentrated in one building to become a production area, which is conducive to continuous production and centralized management.
Spacious and comfortable, the flow of people and goods are separated
Office and workshop adjacent
Consider food-related laws, regulations and standards, general policies on construction and environmental protection
Multifunctional factory layout
Recipe for change: the flexible food processing plant of the future
sustainability
Intelligent
Sense of design, sense of technology, artistry
General graphic design
Comprehensive
工艺设计
交通运输设计
公共工程设计
Everything starts from the production process, studying the layout issues of buildings (factories, workshops, warehouses, boiler rooms, canteens), structures (chimneys, bridges, sculptures, pools, street lights, signboards), roads, pipelines, green areas, etc., and fully Make use of the terrain and save space, so that the layout of the built factory is reasonable, coordinated, and the production is orderly, and the surrounding buildings form an organic whole that is coordinated with each other.
type
floor plan
Reasonably carry out the horizontal positional relationship between buildings, structures and other engineering facilities within the land use area
content
Transportation Design: Transportation Routes. Separate the flow of people and goods, avoid crossing back and forth, and arrange them reasonably
Comprehensive pipeline design: engineering pipe network lines, drainage pipes, electric wires, telephone lines and steam pipes
Greening layout and environmentally friendly design: beautify the factory area and improve workers’ labor and hygiene conditions
Vertical arrangement
The actual direction perpendicular to the plane design, and the design of the terrain elevation of each part of the factory area
Form the terrain into a certain shape that is both flat and easy for drainage
in principle
Should be carried out in accordance with the approved design brief
Compact and reasonable layout, saving space
Phased construction projects should be laid out in one go
○Comply with factory production process requirements
Closely connected workshops and warehouses should be arranged according to process flow, and the distance should be shortened as much as possible
The flow of goods, raw materials, fuel and personnel throughout the factory avoids crossover
Power facilities: The substation is close to the load center
Meet food processing hygiene requirements
Separate production area and living area
The production workshop is 30~50m away from the road
Waste piles, warehouses, coal piles and workshops that generate harmful gases, downwind
Use circular passages as much as possible on roads
Width 3.0~3.5m, depending on transportation volume and transportation means
Pavement cement, asphalt
Buildings should be designed in accordance with relevant specifications
Fireproof, dustproof, noiseproof, lighting
Sunshine and ventilation
Reasonable utilization of the natural elevation of the factory area
When constructing factories on slopes and mountainous areas, roads and buildings can be arranged at different elevations to ensure smooth drainage and save earthwork.
Layout of major buildings, structures and facilities
Main production workshop
Consider arranging it in the center of the production area, with flat terrain and a ground endurance of more than 1.5~2×10^5 N/m^2
The orientation should be facing the sun or facing south, preferably directly connected to the living area and the factory gate.
Auxiliary workshop
An equidistant location close to the main workshop building it serves or the objects it serves
Not only on both sides of the factory area, but also in the back area of the factory
Power facilities
Close to load centers and workshops with large power consumption
The refrigeration machine room is close to the substation and cold storage; the sterilization process and hot air drying workshops are close to the boiler room
Administration
should be concentrated in the front area of the factory, near the gate
The office building is opposite the entrance and is equipped with a large flower pond and greening and side beautification, which reflects the direction of the factory site.
Factory front area layout
The hub of communication between inside and outside the factory, the building
Factory entrance
Communication room, mailing room
Garage, fire garage
Factory office, engineering technology office, central laboratory
The construction content is related to the scale of the food processing plant, which can be more or less.
It is convenient for employees to commute and contact those who come to the factory (so that they do not need to go through the production area)
Pipeline layout
Commonly used pipelines
steam pipes
Inlet and drainage pipes
Cable duct
gas pipe
Placed above or underground
Underground: tidy, high space utilization, large investment
Above ground: low investment, easy maintenance, takes up space, affects factory capacity
The distance between pipelines should consider the medium transported in the pipes.
The minimum horizontal clear distance between underground pipelines and buildings and structures must meet relevant requirements. The depth of underground pipelines is buried, and factors such as the use, maintenance, anti-freeze, and anti-pressure of pipelines
Transport road layout
Solve the lifeline of timely transportation of raw materials, fuel, semi-finished products and finished products into and out of factories
Way
railway
waterway
Overland
Factory roads
Main roads, secondary roads, sidewalks
The main road should form a loop. The width and turning radius should be determined according to the transportation volume and vehicle type.
Greening and landscaping layout: about 20%
Purify the air, regulate microclimate, reduce noise, prevent soil erosion, and beautify the working environment
According to greening function requirements, climate adaptability, and ornamental effects
Anti-pollution, purify air
Suitable to match
Planting of catkins is prohibited
stage
initial design
General floor plan
1:500, 1:1000
Topographic contours, location, number of floors, floor elevations, roads, drainage ditches, pipelines, and greening locations of existing buildings, structures and proposed buildings and structures
One corner draws a wind rose diagram and a regional location map.
General graphic design instructions
Design basis, layout characteristics, main technical and economic indicators and budget estimates
Technical and economic indicators: total factory area, building area, production area...
Wind direction and pollution coefficient – important parameters
Place those with high hygiene requirements in the upwind direction.
Pollution coefficient = wind direction frequency/pollution coefficient Arrange highly polluting workshops or departments in locations with the smallest pollution coefficients
Building coefficient and land use coefficient
Building coefficient: 0.25~0.35
(Buildings, structures, storage yards and operating plants) ÷Factory area
Cannot fully reflect the land use situation in the factory area
Land use coefficient: 0.45~0.65
(Construction, construction, roads, drainage slopes, pipelines can be greened) ÷Factory area
Green space rate
Construction design
Drawing type
Construction drawing of general building layout
Pipeline layout diagram
Greening layout plan
General requirements
Small usually only draws a general floor plan
If necessary, add comprehensive plane layout, vertical layout, roads, steps, etc. of drainage pipelines.
General plan design and construction drawing instructions
Generally, it is not published as a separate book. The text description is usually attached to a corner of the general layout and construction drawings.
Mainly explain the design intention, issues to pay attention to during construction, various economic and technical indicators, etc.