Forms and maintains the structure of bones and teeth. 99% is concentrated in bones and teeth, mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate

Maintain normal activity of muscles and nerves. Calcium ions are related to the excitation of nerves and muscles, the conduction of nerve impulses, and the normal beating of the heart.

Participate in the blood coagulation process

Regulates or activates the activity of various enzymes, affecting cell phagocytosis and hormone secretion.

Excessive intake

Intake too low

Adult RNI: 800mg/d

Conducive to calcium absorption: appropriate amount of vitamin D, certain amino acids, lactose, appropriate calcium to phosphorus ratio

Not conducive to calcium absorption: phytic acid in cereals, oxalic acid in certain vegetables, too much dietary fiber, alkaline phosphate and fat, antacids tetracycline and heparin, excessive protein intake, and increasing age

Activates the activity of various enzymes. Participate in more than 300 enzymatic reactions

Inhibit potassium and calcium channels and prevent potassium outflow

Maintain bone growth and neuromuscular excitability

Maintain the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Choleretic, cathartic, antispasmodic, antiphysostigmine

Excessive intake: magnesium toxicity, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscle weakness, weak knee tendon reflexes, muscle paralysis, complete heart block or asystole

Too low intake: neuromuscular hyperexcitability, hypomagnesemia, premature atrioventricular contractions, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, and osteoporosis

components of bones and teeth

Raw materials for many important components in tissue cells

Involved in many important physiological functions

Transfer of energy and maintenance of acid-base balance

Maintain normal metabolism of sugar and protein

Maintain normal intracellular osmotic pressure

Maintain neuromuscular stress and normal function

Maintain normal function of myocardium

Maintain normal acid-base balance inside and outside cells

Prevent high blood pressure

Excessive intake: muscle paralysis, arrhythmia, severe cardiac dysfunction

Insufficient intake: potassium deficiency, muscle weakness, arrhythmia, rhabdomyolysis, renal dysfunction

Regulate body water and osmotic pressure: excessive sodium causes tissue edema

Maintain acid-base balance

sodium pump

Maintain normal blood pressure

Enhance neuromuscular excitability

Maintain the volume and osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid

Maintain acid-base balance of body fluids

Participate in blood CO2 transport

Gastric acid formation activates salivary amylase to decompose starch, stimulates liver function, promotes the discharge of metabolic waste in the liver, and stabilizes nerve membrane potential.