ABC forwarding

ion coupled transport

group transfer

specific transfer

Autoerobic bacteria

Heterotrophic bacteria

Nutrients

pH

temperature

gas

Osmotic pressure.

Asexual reproduction is generally carried out by binary fission.

Under suitable conditions, most bacteria undergo generation in 20 to 30 minutes.

But it takes 18 to 20 hours to combine with mycobacteria to produce one generation

slow period

Logarithmic period.

stable period.

period of decline.

Sugar fermentation test.

vp experiment.

Methyl red test.

Citrate utilization test.

Indole test.

Hydrogen sulfide test.

Urease test.

Pyrogen.

Toxins and invasive enzymes.

pigment

antibiotic.

Bacteriocins.

vitamins.

Specimens were cultured in culture medium using the streaking method. After 18 to 24 hours, visible bacterial groups and colonies will form.

Provoking a bacterial colony in another culture medium can grow a large number of pure bacteria, which is a pure culture.

For example, nutrient broth, nutrient agar, peptone water, etc.

Configure a medium suitable for the growth of only one type of bacteria.

Prepare a culture medium that inhibits the growth of some bacteria and favors the growth of others.

For example, sugar fermentation tube, triple sugar iron culture medium, eosin-methylene blue agar, etc.

Meat culture medium is commonly used, and petroleum jelly or liquid paraffin is added to the surface of the culture medium to isolate the air.

Pure bacteria are added to the liquid culture medium to multiply the bacteria in large quantities.

Solid media are used for bacterial isolation and purification.

Semi-solid media are used to observe bacterial motility and preserve bacteria for short periods of time.

Most are uniformly turbid.

A small number of chain-shaped bacteria precipitate and grow.

Combined with obligate aerobic bacteria such as mycobacteria, they form a bacterial film and grow on the surface.

Smooth colonies. (S)

Rough colonies. (R)

Mucoid colonies. (M)

The viscosity is lower and flagellated bacteria can still swim freely in it.

Etiological diagnosis.

Bacteriological research.

Biological product preparation.

It can be made into antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, soy sauce, MSG and other products.

It is easy to operate, fast to reproduce, and the gene expression products are easy to extract and purify, which greatly reduces the cost.

A method of destroying all microorganisms on an object, including killing bacterial spores

Kill bacteria on objects or in the environment, not necessarily spores

Methods to prevent or inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

The process of reducing microorganisms by removing dust and dirt.

It means that there are no viable bacteria, which is mostly the result of sterilization.

Dry heat sterilization method.

Moist heat sterilization method.

At the same temperature, moist heat sterilization is more effective than dry heat sterilization.

UV rays.

ionizing radiation.

microwave.

It is mainly used for the sterilization of some serum, toxins and antibiotics that are not resistant to high temperatures.