Functional iron: The main form of iron, of which hemoglobin iron accounts for 65%-70% of the total iron, myoglobin 3%, and iron-containing magnesium 1%. These irons are involved in the transport and utilization of oxygen.

Storage of iron: It exists in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin, accounting for 25%-30% of the total iron in the body. Normal men's iron storage is about 1000mg, and women's is only 300-400mg.

Participate in the transport and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body and organize the respiratory process

Maintain normal hematopoietic function

Improve the body's immunity and increase the function of neutrophils and phagocytes

Catalyzes the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A, participates in the synthesis of purines and collagen, production of antibodies, transport of lipids from the blood, and detoxification of drugs in the liver

Excessive intake: may cause poisoning and gastrointestinal bleeding. The liver is the main target organ damaged by iron overload. Excessive iron can cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma; promote lipoprotein peroxidation; participate in the formation of atherosclerosis; lead to imbalance of the body's oxidation and antioxidant systems, directly Damage DNA and induce mutations.

Insufficient intake: iron deficiency anemia; low work efficiency, reduced learning ability; behavioral and intellectual disabilities; affecting immunity and anti-infection ability; harmful pregnancy outcomes: premature birth, low birth weight, etc.

Mainly animal liver, animal whole blood, livestock and poultry meat, fish

Animal foods have a higher iron content and absorption rate; plant foods have a lower iron absorption rate than animal foods. Eggs have a low iron absorption rate of 3%. Milk is an iron-poor food and its absorption rate is not high

nonheme iron

Heme iron: affected by iron requirements and storage in the body

gastrointestinal malabsorption syndrome

iron deficiency anemia

Participate in energy metabolism

Promote metabolism and body growth and development

Promote nervous system development

Pituitary hormone effects

Excessive intake: High iodine goiter

Insufficient intake: goiter, cretinism

Catalysis: There are nearly a hundred enzymes that rely on zinc for catalysis

structural function

Adjustment function

Excessive intake: Adults who ingest more than 2g of zinc at one time may develop zinc poisoning. Causes upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

Insufficient intake: slow growth, poor skin wound healing, dysgeusia, gastrointestinal disorders, decreased immune function

Selenium-containing proteins and selenium-containing enzymes

Anti-oxidize effect

Regulatory effect on thyroid hormones

Maintain normal immune function

anti-tumor effect

Excessive intake: Cases of acute poisoning caused by eating high-selenium corn have occurred in Enshi, Hubei, and Ziyang County, Shaanxi.

Insufficient intake: Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease

Many copper-containing metalloenzymes participate in the redox process in the body as magnesium oxide, maintain normal hematopoiesis, promote the formation of connective tissue, maintain the health of the central nervous system, promote normal melanin formation, maintain the normal structure of hair, and protect body cells from superoxide anions. damage

Have a certain impact on lipid and glucose metabolism

Excessive intake: fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis. It also damages the body’s immune function

Insufficient intake: dental caries, osteoporosis