Bacteria sensu stricto

form a precipitate

Biofilm floats in liquid surface

form a uniform Turbid liquid

Two equals split

No waiting for binary fission

According to the arrangement after splitting

Flagellum at one end

Flagella are born at both ends

effect

Dyeing method

The bacterial cell wall is thick and consists of 25-40 layers of peptidoglycan (60%-95%) and 10%-30% teichoic acid stacked together.

The basic structure is a phospholipid bilayer (skeleton) with a hydrophilic layer on the outside and a hydrophobic layer on the inside; peripheral proteins and integrins

Ribosome

inclusions

bubble

It carries most of the genetic information of bacteria and is the control center of bacterial growth and development, metabolism and genetic variation.

Elongated, wavy, hair-like appendages extending from the cell membrane

The cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and a few Gram-positive bacteria consists of some flagella that are thinner, shorter and straighter than flagella.

The most stress-resistant life form in the entire biological world, whether it can eliminate spores is the most important indicator for measuring various disinfection and sterilization methods.

Most of the spores that can produce spores are bacilli, and only a few of cocci and spirochae can produce spores.

Spores can remain dormant for a long time or can transform into vegetative cells under certain conditions. Artificial activation can use short-term high temperature, low pH, strong oxidant treatment, etc. Stress resistance decreases during the germination process, and it is most easily eliminated at this time. (for artificial elimination of spores)

Smooth shape (S) Rough shape (R)