MindMap Gallery Transmembrane transport of matter mind map
Mind map about the transmembrane transport of substances. The transmembrane transport of substances is an important process for organisms to maintain life activities. It is divided into two modes: passive transport and active transport.
Edited at 2023-11-09 18:59:13El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
transport of substances across membranes
Overview
Transport of substances across membranes is an important process for organisms to maintain life activities
Involves the exchange and signaling of substances inside and outside the cell membrane
Divided into two modes: passive transportation and active transportation
Membrane transport proteins and transport of small molecules across membranes
Impermeability and membrane transport proteins of simple diffusive lipid bilayers
impermeability of lipid bilayer
Extracellular Na, intracellular K
Regulatory mechanism of differences in ion concentration distribution
The activity of a specialized set of membrane transport proteins
The value of the plasma membrane itself. The hydrophobic character of the bilayer.
The lipid bilayer has very low permeability to most polar molecular ions and cellular metabolites.
membrane transport protein
carrier protein
transport mechanism
Specific solutes bind temporarily and reversibly, changing their conformation
Features
Ubiquitous, multiple-transmembrane protein
Highly selective
Similar to enzymes, but not
permease
Similarities and differences with enzymes
Function
Mediates the participation of specific solutes in passive and active transport
Examples (typical positioning, energy, function)
channel protein
transport mechanism
Hydrophilic channel across the plasma membrane, specific for solutes
Classification
Ion channels, porins and aquaporins
Function
Mediates passive transport of specific solutes
ion channel
Classification
Electric pressure channels, ligand-gated channels, stress-activated channels
Ion channel protein characteristics
High transport rate, no saturation value, gating properties
driving force
Concentration gradient of solute, potential difference across membrane
regulatory factors
Membrane potential changes, chemical signals, pressure stimuli
Types of transmembrane transport of small molecules
simple/free diffusion
definition
Small molecule substances, smooth, no energy consumption, no need for transport proteins
Limiting factor
Lipid solubility of substances, molecular size, polarity of molecules
solute
Hydrophobic small molecules such as O2, N2 and small uncharged polar molecules
Passive transport/assisted diffusion/facilitated diffusion
definition
cis, non-energy consuming, membrane transport protein
solute
Various polar small molecules and inorganic ions
glucose transporter family
Structural features, transfer direction
aquaporin
structure, function
active transport
definition
Reverse, energy consuming, requires carrier protein
energy source
ATP directly supplies energy
ATP driven pump
Indirect energy supply
cotransporter
total transportation, pair transportation
light driven pump
ATP driven pumps and active transport
P type pump
sodium potassium ion pump
structure
transport mechanism
Main physiological functions
Inhibition of oubonin
calcium ion pump
structure, location, function
P type hydrogen ion pump
definition, function
ABC superfamily
definition
structure
Operating mode
relationship with disease
V-type proton pump and F-type proton pump
V-type proton pump
F type proton pump
Ion transport across membranes and membrane potential
Related definitions
The relationship between ion transport across membranes and membrane potential
biological significance
endocytosis
endocytosis
definition
type
Phagocytosis
Features
Biological effects
pinocytosis
Features
type
Endocytosis and signal transduction
Downregulation of signal transduction by endocytosis
Activation of signal transduction by endocytosis
exocytosis
definition
Classification
take shape
Adjustable type
biological significance
Transport of substances across membranes and disease
Abnormal transport of substances across membranes may lead to disease
For example, ion channel abnormalities may lead to neurological disorders such as epilepsy
Dysregulation of transport of substances across membranes may lead to metabolic diseases
Transport of substances across membranes and drug effects
Drugs can exert therapeutic effects by affecting the transport process of substances across membranes
For example, anti-epileptic drugs control epileptic seizures by regulating ion channels
Antidiabetic drugs lower blood sugar levels by regulating glucose transporters;