Wondershare EdrawMind
EdrawMindChapter 6 Section 4 Russia
MindMap Gallery Chapter 6 Section 4 Russia
- 10
Chapter 6 Section 4 Russia
This mind map is the fourth section of Chapter 6 of the Foreign Education History of the Postgraduate Education Master's Unified Entrance Examination (333). It specifically talks about the history of Russian education. It describes the Russian education system and educational practice in the 17th-18th and 19th centuries and The overall framework of educational thought can be used for 333 rounds of review.
Edited at 2023-11-09 12:52:01- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 6 Section 4 Russia
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
Chapter 6, Section 4, Russia
Educational system and educational practice in the 17th and 18th centuries
Peter I's reforms
Introduction: At the end of the 17th century, Tsar Peter I introduced advanced science and technology from Western Europe, which kicked off the modernization of Russia.
Content: Improving primary education, establishing practical schools, proposing the idea of establishing an academy of sciences
Evaluation: Advantages: Promote the modernization of education. Limitations: The obstacles are very strong (feudal aristocratic forces).
University of Moscow
Established on the initiative of Lomonosov
secularity and democratization
There are only three departments: law, philosophy, and medicine, but no theology department.
Catherine II's Reform "National School Charter"
Introduction: "National School Charter"---the earliest decree on the national education system promulgated in Russian history
Content management: National schools are established in various places, managed by the government, and principals are hired; Funds: shared by the government, businessmen, and nobles; Schools: County---two years---free junior national school-------province ---Five years---Free central national school courses: the first two years of courses----basic education-------the last three years of courses----Latin and other foreign languages--progress to liberal arts Other schools and universities: Requirements for teachers and students’ moral character, teaching, daily life and religious beliefs
Comment: There is no requirement that children of school age must attend school.
Educational system and educational practice in the 19th century
Educational reforms in the early 19th century
Introduction: Under the influence of the domestic bourgeois democratic revolution and the French Revolution, Tsar Alexander I implemented educational reforms and gradually improved the school system and management system.
content
Drawing on the French university district system, the country is divided into six university districts. Each district sets up a university to train officials. The university enjoys autonomy and manages ordinary schools at all levels in the district.
There are ordinary schools at all levels attached to the university, including parish schools, county schools, and liberal arts middle schools.
Schools at all levels are free of tuition, regardless of origin or belief
Teaching content focuses on natural science knowledge education
evaluate
The above two bills reflect the needs of the bourgeois economy and have democratic overtones, but they have not been fully implemented.
Educational reforms in the 1860s
Introduction: In the mid-19th century, serfdom was politically abolished and the public education movement boomed. Under pressure from the public and the bourgeoisie, Tsar Alexander II implemented a series of educational reform laws.
content
primary education
Release the right to open schools and popularize education
secondary education
Classical liberal arts middle school
Real middle school
Encourage teachers to adopt new teaching methods and oppose corporal punishment
higher education
Issued decree giving universities some academic freedom and autonomy
women's education
Promulgated a decree to establish a girls' school for the first time in Russian history and promote the development of Russian women's education.
evaluate
The implementation of the bill led to a certain degree of development in Russian education at all levels, but this reform failed to bring about substantial changes in Russian education. In the late 1860s, the feudal power in Russia strengthened, and Russian education retreated to a certain extent.
Educational Thought---Ushensky
Ushinsky, a famous Russian educator in the 19th century, created Russian women's normal education. "Man is the Object of Education" is his main masterpiece.
The essence of education: Education is an art, not a science. Education should pay attention to people's spiritual and life issues.
Educational purpose: Cultivate people with comprehensive and harmonious development
On teaching
Combining formal education theory with substantive education theory
Practical courses (practical science courses) are offered
Teaching should adapt to students’ psychological characteristics
Teaching principles: intuitiveness, consciousness, enthusiasm, coherence, consolidation,
On Moral Education
Moral education content
Patriotism is the most important emotion
moral education methods
Taking teaching as the basic method
Also includes persuasion, praise, encouragement, punishment, and warning
On Pedagogy
Defining the meaning of pedagogy: Dividing pedagogy into broad and narrow senses
Subject value: Education must educate people from all aspects. First, we must understand people from all aspects.
Development path: Establishing the Department of Education
On normal education
Teachers have the role of cultivating talents and changing the educational atmosphere
Improve teachers’ ethics and knowledge
The idea of creating high-level normal colleges
Evaluation: Put forward the idea of nationalization of education
unite, fight, subside