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Analytical mind map of benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs
This is an analytical mind map about benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs, for use in the ninth edition of drug analysis, including structure and properties, identification tests, related substances and inspections, etc.
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Analytical mind map of benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
Benzodiazepines Sedative-hypnotic drugs analysis
Structure and properties
Structural features
The benzene ring is fused with the 1,4-diazapine seven-membered ring to form a three-membered drug.
Main physical and chemical properties
White or slightly yellow crystal or crystalline powder
Solubility
Insoluble or very slightly soluble in water Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone or chloroform
Weakly alkaline
The N on the diazapine ring is weakly basic
Can react with alkaloid precipitating agents
Titration with perchloric acid in non-aqueous media
Oxazepam, Lorazepam
It has conjugated secondary amide and imine structures, showing acid and alkali properties.
Content determination can be carried out using the non-aqueous acid method
hydrolyzability
In strong acids, benzophenone derivatives are formed
Sulfuric acid-fluorescence reaction
Absorption spectral characteristics
identification test
Chemical identification method
precipitation reaction
Chlorazepam hydrochloric acid solution bismuth potassium iodide → orange-red precipitate
Alprazolam
Alprazolam hydrochloric acid solution bismuth potassium iodide → orange-red precipitate
Alprazolam hydrochloric acid solution Silicotungstic acid solution → white precipitate
Triazolam tablets, chloroform solution, bismuth potassium iodide → orange precipitate
Diazepam injection, flurazepam hydrochloride and its capsules, clonazepam and its injection, Chlorazepam and its tablets, alprazolam and its tablets, triazolam tablets
Sulfuric acid-fluorescence reaction
sulfuric acid
Diazepam – yellow-green
Chlorazepam - yellow
dilute sulfuric acid
Diazepam – yellow
Chlorazepam – Purple
Estazolam – blue
Estazolam and its tablets and injections, diazepam and its tablets
Chloride identification reaction
Chloride reaction after destruction by oxygen bottle combustion method
Diazepam, midazolam, flurazepam hydrochloride and their capsules
Reactions of primary aromatic amines
1-N is unsubstituted. It can be thermally hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to form aromatic primary amines. Identification by diazotization-coupling reaction
Color developer: Naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride
Chlorazepam - red-purple
Spectroscopy
UV spectrophotometry
UV maximum absorption wavelength Absorbance or absorbance ratio at the maximum absorption wavelength
typical drugs
Infrared absorption spectrum
API - Infrared Spectrophotometry
Preparations—Post-extraction infrared spectrophotometry
NMR
Obtain direct information about drug molecule skeleton, configuration and conformation
Basis: chemical shift, coupling constant and resonance peak integrated intensity
chromatography
thin layer chromatography
ChP Nitrazepam Tablets
BP Clonazepam and Chlorazepam
USP Diazepam and Flurazepam Hydrochloride
HPLC
ChP Lorazepam API and its preparations, midazolam and its injection, , Clonazepam Tablets and Diazepam Injection Clonazepam
Related substances and inspections
Typical impurities
Has a "benzophenone" structure
Validity check
triazolam
ChP small cup method for dissolution determination
USP Chromatographic Determination Using Paddle Method for Large Volume Injection
Content determination
volumetric titration
Non-aqueous alkali method
Perchloric acid nonaqueous solution titration of typical drugs
non-aqueous acid method
Titrant: Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
Oxazepam, Lorazepam