1. Pure lipids

2. Complex lipids

3. Derivatized lipids

The main form of energy storage in organisms

The chemical essence of animal and vegetable oils is fatty acylglycerol

The alcoholic hydroxyl group of three molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol is dehydrated to form

R1, R2 and R3 are the same as simple triacylglycerols

R1, R2 and R3 are different mixed triacylglycerols

Pure ones are generally colorless, odorless and tasteless, and are commonly extracted with non-polar organic solvents such as ether, chloroform, benzene and petroleum ether.

hydrolysis

Hydrogenation and halogenation

rancidity

Many lipid components, most of which exist in bound form in triacylglycerol, with a small amount of free

The number of carbon atoms is between 12-24, with 16 and 18 being the most common

Number of double bonds

Molecular Structure

Fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by themselves and must be obtained from diet, especially plant-based diet

20 carbon PUFA derived

Amphipathic molecule, the largest membrane structural lipid

Pure It is a white waxy solid, soluble in most non-polar solvents containing a small amount of water (except absolute ethanol) - for example, chloroform-methanol mixed solvent extraction

Phosphatidic acid

Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin)

Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin)

The most abundant lipid substance in the cell membrane

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)

ether glycerophospholipid

Sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids

Found in animal cell plasma membranes, especially myelin sheaths

Does the sugar base contain sialic acid or sulfuric acid?

Many plants

The most abundant sterol in animal tissues

amphiphile

C3 combines with higher fatty acids to form cholesterol esters

Vitamin D, precursor of bile acids

Plants have phytosterols

membrane lipids

Membrane Protein

membrane sugar

intermolecular forces

1. Asymmetric distribution of membrane components

2. Membrane fluidity

structural model