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Cognitive Process.-Memory Mind Map
This is an article about cognitive processes. - Memory mind map. Memory is the psychological process of accumulating and preserving individual experiences in the mind. Memory enables the human brain to maintain and reproduce past experiences.
Edited at 2023-11-07 17:08:52- bacteria
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Cognitive Process.-Memory Mind Map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
memory
memory overview
concept
3. Information processing perspective: the memory process is the process of encoding, storing and retrieving input information
2. Memory is the psychological process of accumulating and preserving individual experiences in the mind.
1. Memory enables the human brain to retain and reproduce past experiences.
Classification
time classification
instantaneous classification
0.25-1s
Memory content is large
(Image memory, audio and video, movies
short-term classification/working memory
Within 1 minute
5-9 chunks
Mainly audio-visual coding (auditory coding 30S visual coding)
Simultaneous translation
direct memory
Working memory (processing, storage)
long term classification
More than 1 minute
Long information retention time and unlimited memory capacity
(Semantic encoding, representational encoding)
meaning coding
memory contents and objects of experience
Image memory (Great Wall,
Perceived specific image of things
(Tulvin)
episodic memory
Episodic memory (wedding scene
related to space-time relationship
Semantic memory/logical memory (the largest memory capacity is numbers)
concepts, theorems, rules
independent of time and space
Emotional memory (nervousness in exams, sullen expressions during conversation)
emotion emotion
Movement memory (dance moves
Motor status and motor skills
Information processing and storage content
declarative memory
(what) state the rules of playing basketball
procedural memory
Tips on how to play basketball
memory awareness participation
explicit memory
recall knowledge
implicit memory
Cycling, touch typing
The direction of memory content on the "time axis"
prospective memory
Planning and predictive memory for upcoming actions
retrospective memory
Recall things you did in the past
Memory process and rules
Remember, maintain, reproduce (recognize, recall)
memory process
Memorize
Memorization is the first step of memory
Classification
Is there a purpose and does it require effort of will?
Conscious Notes: Learning Activities
Unconscious Notes: Unconsciously
Memorization method
Mechanical memorization (memorizing multiplication tables)
meaning recognition
Laws (factors that affect the effect of memorization)
Mantra: light purpose, quality approach
The purpose and tasks of memorization
Memorizing attitude and emotional state
When you are in a good mood, you remember more
Nature of activity tasks
Memorizing materials become the direct object of "human" activities and the activities are effective
Amount and nature of materials
Memorization method
How to organize memorizing materials
Holistic memorization
Dispersed memory
memorization time schedule
Dispersed memory
Focus on memorizing
Dispersed memorization is better than centralized memorization
keep---forget
forget
The psychological process opposite to retention refers to the inability to recall and recognize the material that has been remembered, or it manifests as false recall or misrecognition.
Types of forgetting
Temporary amnesia (pseudoamnesia)
retrieval disorder
permanent amnesia (true amnesia)
Storage amnesia (forgetting that occurs in instant and short-term memory without review)
Reason for forgetting
trace decay theory
Origin: Aristotle, Development: Thorndike, Pavlov
The oldest explanation for forgetting
If it is not strengthened, it will gradually fade away.
Enlightenment: Review in time
"Use it or lose it"
interference suppression theory
Darren Basch, Jenkins
Interfered by other stimuli
Proactive (front to back)
Reverse shot (back to front)
Mantra: Go ahead five times in the morning, never fall down in the evening, swim double in the middle
repression theory/motivation theory
Freud
emotional or motivational suppression
Painful, terrible emotions → choose to forget
people after earthquake
emotional stress
Nervous about exams
Extraction failed says
Tulving
Clue error or extraction failure
Tip of the tongue effect, forgetting words while picking up the pen, and unable to remember words in the exam room
assimilation theory
Ausubel
Learn the high level and forget the low level (negative effect)
Simplify and reduce memory burden (positive effect)
Law: Ebbinghaus (Germany)
The first person to study forgetting
Material: nonsense syllables
Revelation 1: Meaningful material and meaningless material are easier to remember
Method: Re-learn hair (saving method)
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve (picture)
Human forgetting follows: the process of forgetting is uneven, first fast and then slow, first more and then less, showing a negative acceleration.
Forgetting occurs immediately after learning → review in time
The more times you learn to recite, the longer it takes and the more lasting your memory will be.
factors affecting forgetting
Tips: Measuring the time of 'emotion', the relationship, the willfulness, ⑦ Article
(2) The amount of memorizing materials and the degree of learning
(6)Emotions and motivations
(5) Time factor
(4) Methods of memorizing
(7) Series position effect
(3) The permanence and importance of memorization tasks
(1)Nature of learning materials
Keep
Maintaining quantitative change - memory recovery
Retention is the second part of memory
Keeping changes in quality - understanding
Memories - Recognition
Memories (not in front of you)
The things you experience are not in front of you, re-present them in your mind
Classification
Is there a purpose?
intentional recall
Exam memories
no intention of recalling
Touch the scene and stir up emotion
Whether to use intermediaries
direct recall
Recall memorized foreign language words
indirect memory
Hints and inferences
"After ten years of separation and chaos, we meet again when we grow up. We are surprised to meet each other when we ask about our behavior. We call each other by name and recall our old appearance."
Recognize (in front of my eyes)
refers to things that people have perceived, thought or experienced Generally speaking, recognition is easier than recalling. What can be recalled can generally educate people, but recognition is not necessarily memories.
Memories and Recognition Relationships
What can be recognized may not be recalled; what can be recalled can certainly be recognized
improve memory
Memory is the retention and reproduction of past experiences by the human brain (characteristics of good memory quality → "a measure of how")
accuracy
accurate
Word for word, recite it backwards and forwards
error-prone
Never forget
Everlasting memories
Agility
never forget
persistence
Preparatory
Extraction and application (comprehensive embodiment of quality)
Finish it in one stroke, speak it in a coherent manner, and finish it in one go
Agility
speed
Fast, photographic memory
Never forget, never forget
persistence
time
Ways to improve memory
Tip: Refine the purpose of grouping in multiple ways
Clarify the purpose of memory and enhance learning initiative
Use chunked learning strategies to organize materials rationally
mind Mapping
Understand the meaning of materials and use less mechanical memory
Fine processing of materials to promote deep understanding
formula
Pay attention to learning methods to prevent forgetting knowledge
Use multiple coding methods to improve the quality of information processing
How to prevent forgetting
Formula: time, time, square
Time: Review in time (before large-scale forgetting)
Times: Overlearning reaches 50%, Learning Proficiency reaches 150%
Just being able to recite 100%, over-learning 50% = learning proficiency 150%
Method: "The judge returns to Sanzhong"
Diverse review methods
Review using multiple senses
Combining repeated reading with attempts to recall
Combining decentralized review with centralized review (decentralized > concentrated)
Characteristics of memory development among primary and middle school students
Elementary school students (not so good → better)
(8 years old) Unconscious memory → (Starts at 10 years old, obvious advantages after 12 years old) Conscious memory
Mechanical recognition → Meaningful recognition
Concrete image memory dominates (imagery)
Middle school student (good → better)
High school (16 years old) → mature
Conscious Notes - Dominance
Understanding Memory – Advantages
Comprehension and memory skills continue to dominate high school
Abstract memory - improve
German Wundt Ebbinghaus, Freud, Kohler, Kofka