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Psychology basics mind map
This is a basic mind map about psychology, including psychological phenomena and essence, psychological processes, personality tendencies and needs, etc. I hope it will be helpful to you!
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Psychology basics mind map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
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- Reproductive development of animals
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- Outline
Chapter 2 Basics of Psychology
Psychological phenomena and essence
psychological phenomenon
mental process
Cognitive processes: sensation, perception, memory, thinking, imagination
Situation process: joy, sorrow, fear
Will process: consciously determine goals, overcome difficulties, regulate and control one's actions
personality traits
Personality tendencies: interests, motivations, opinions, beliefs
Personality characteristics: temperament, ability, character
Self-regulatory system: self-awareness
Essence: Psychology is the function of the brain, a subjective and active reflection of objective reality
mental process
cognitive process
The process by which people acquire knowledge and apply it
Feel
Definition: The most basic cognitive process is the reflection of the human brain on the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs.
feature
Sensibility and Sensory Threshold
Feeling adapted
Feeling contrast
sensory interaction
Compensation and development of senses
synesthesia
perception
Definition: The human brain’s reflection of the overall attributes currently acting directly on the sensory organs
Category: space, time, motion perception
Characteristics: Selectivity of perception, understanding of perception, integrity of perception, constancy of perception
Notice
Definition: The pointing and concentration of mental activities on a certain object
Functions: selection function, hold function, adjustment of activity and supervision function
Category: unintentional attention, intentional attention, intentional attention
Quality: breadth of attention, stability of attention, distribution of attention, transfer of attention
memory
Definition: Refers to the psychological process of accumulating and preserving individual experiences in the mind
Basic processes: recognition, retention, re-memorization and reproduction (recall)
Characteristics of forgetting (Ebbinghaus forgetting curve)
The forgetting process starts quickly and then slows down
The amount of forgetting is related to the nature and length of the memory material
The amount of forgetting is related to the individual’s mental state
Forgetting is related to individual learning level and learning style
thinking
Definition: It is the human brain’s indirect and general reflection of objective things. It is a psychological process that uses concepts, expressions and actions to understand the general and essential characteristics and regular connections of things on the basis of perceptual knowledge.
Process: analysis and synthesis, comparison and classification, abstraction and generalization
imagine
The process of processing and transforming existing images in the brain to form new images. Intentional imagination and unintentional imagination
Appearance
It refers to the image left in the brain of things that have been perceived.
emotions and affective processes
Concept: refers to people’s attitude and experience towards objective things, and is a reflection of whether people’s needs are met.
Functions of emotion: adaptation, motivation, organization, signaling
Classification
mood
Basic classification; joy, anger, sorrow and fear
Classification of emotional states: mood, passion, stress
Emotions: moral sense, rational sense, aesthetic sense
emotion theory
James Lange: Peripheral theory of emotion Stimulus situation, body response, emotion
Cannon-Bad: Emotional Thalamus Theory Stimulation reaches the thalamus, and then simultaneously sends nerve impulses up and down to form emotions and body responses.
Arnold: Assessment - Excitement Theory Stimulating Situation → Evaluation → Emotion
Schachter-Singer: Three-factor theory of emotion (Cognitive Theory of Emotion) The generation of emotion is restricted by three factors: cognitive process, environmental stimulation and physiological response.
volitional process
Concept: The psychological process of consciously determining goals, regulating and controlling one's actions, and overcoming difficulties to achieve predetermined goals.
The basic characteristics of volitional action: will has a clear purpose, will is related to overcoming difficulties, and will is based on voluntary movement
Will qualities: Consciousness, decisiveness, perseverance, self-control
Personality
Concept: Personality is a person's entire mental outlook, the sum of psychological characteristics with certain tendencies and stability.
personality psychological structure
Personality tendencies, needs, motivations, interests...
personality traits
The core of the self-regulation system is self-awareness
personality trait theory
Cattell's trait theory divides human traits into surface traits and root traits.
Eysenck's personality dimension theory personality consists of two dimensions (extroversion dimension E and emotional dimension N), which correspond to the choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic qualities of Hippocratic personality trait theory.
Big Five personality theory: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness
Personality tendencies need
Concept: The reflection of an individual’s physiological and social objective needs in the human brain. physiological needs and social needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory: physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs
motivation
Concept: It is the internal psychological power that causes and maintains individual activities and makes the activities move towards a certain goal.
Function: activate, point, maintain and adjust
Conflict: double approach conflict, double avoidance conflict, approach-avoidance conflict, double approach-avoidance conflict
personality traits
ability
Concept: the psychological characteristics of a person who successfully completes an activity
Classification 1. General abilities: intelligence, observation, attention, memory, imagination, logical thinking ability 2. Special abilities
Individual differences in ability development: differences in ability development levels, differences in ability development sooner or later, differences in ability types
temperament
Concept: refers to the typical stable dynamic characteristics of psychological activities that are born
type
Hippocrates’ theory of temperaments and humours: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic
Pavlov's theory of advanced neural activity types: excited type, lively type, quiet type, weak type, the combination of three characteristics: strength, flexibility, balance
character
Concept: An individual develops a stable attitude toward objective reality and a habitual behavior pattern that is adapted to it in the course of life.
Characteristics: Attitude towards reality, emotional characteristics of character, volitional characteristics of character, intellectual characteristics of character
Temperament affects character formation
Biological and social foundations of psychology