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Film and television mind map
Regarding film and television mind mapping, including camera movement, transitions, split shots, montage, sound, viewpoint/angle, rough cut, music connection, editing rhythm, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-07 09:05:47- bacteria
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Film and television mind map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
central theme
editing rhythm
rhythm = change
1.Angle
2. Scenery
3. Speed
external rhythm Internal rhythm = psychological basis (dilemma)
stuck point
Card frame, subtitles, color
Fast cut (active rhythm)
Fast cuts use the length of the lens, that is, the contrast between fast and slow, to create an external rhythm.
1. Rely on sound rather than relying on the rhythm generated by picture music
2. Choose close-ups with less information.
3. Appropriate addition of flash white can strengthen the rhythm
variable speed
1. Way
①Main body speed change
Upgrading processing, the contrast between the speed and slowness of character movements, even if the scene does not change, there will be an obvious rhythm (single shot processing should pay attention to the rhythm)
Supplement: Upgrading is often used in action scenes and emotional processing (use with caution, too much is not enough)
②The camera itself changes speed
③ Combine the two to create an epic picture
2. Function
①Emphasis
②Transition skills
Lens selection: Large range of motion, complete subject lens, long footage
3. Classification
①Single point shifting
Single shots are connected and moved, and the length of the material after acceleration is less than 10 frames
②Multi-point speed change
Single lens variable speed creation
Essence: Change and Contrast
1. The contrast between the length of the shot
2. Sound contrast, sounds also have different scenes
Contrast: the contrast between space, scenery, sound, color, movement and stillness
3. Contrast between scenes
4. Dialogue contrast
5. Character contrast
video expression
1. Can understand
2.Audio-visual enjoyment
3. Emotional substitution
4.Values
5. Philosophical thinking
Vertex clip = abrupt end (bgm control)
1. Rise sound effect, accent sound effect
2. Find music that stops abruptly (NetEase Cloud, trailer)
How editing angle affects pacing
People and cars cannot accelerate
1. Frontal speed: frontal lens wide-angle distortion effect = strengthen tension
2. Side (relatively flat) speed: close-up (close-up) and foreground Foreground speed vs. subject speed Fast foreground speed = fast subject speed
Shot beat (no music beat)
Sound effects, the rhythm of the film itself Rhythm ≠ music
scene
Get its power from afar, get its spirit from near
Panorama and distant view are divided into atmosphere scene and scene scene.
Close-ups and close-ups are performance scenes.
Pay attention to the subject of scene-specific services
Scene > 80% of the subject is the distant view
5 ways to connect music
Music is divided into song categories and production categories
To fade in and out (≠ technique)
Musical connection response
1. Stress followed by stress
2. High to high: the next music should be higher than the previous music
3. Drop point and pick up point
4. Weak connection weak
5. Obfuscate with sound effects or vocals
rough cut ≠ rhythm
1. Material classification (borrowing)
See
Flat material
Shooting material
scene and space
Packaging materials
listen
sound
Vocal animation
Ambient sound effects
special sound effects
music
theme music
ambient music
project
2. Sort out the structure of time and space in the film
Arrange the materials according to space before the timeline, classify them into distant, medium, near, and special, and delete shaking, inaccurate focus, and out-of-focus shots.
low cost shooting method
1. Build levels
Separate space through depth of field, light ratio, and color to make a two-dimensional plane three-dimensional.
It is best not to use more than three colors Adjust color temperature to 5500K
Light and shadow intensity: The light ratio of the subject is 1-2 stops higher than the light of the background to highlight the subject
Lens movement
push
1. Introduced at the beginning of the video
2. Strengthen the character’s inner emotions
The information is known and strengthened
pull
Pull away, mostly used at the end of a video
Information unknown, at least two shots, close-up and panorama
shake
Mostly used for character’s point of view
Move and lift
Opportunity to use the camera (content expression)
Highlight the mood of the film
Deepen the emotional resonance of the audience
No opportunity to move the mirror (external manifestation)
Experience category
Breathing sensation
Expression class
visual spectacle
Transition (connection of information)
method
1. Progressive group connection
2. Close-up transition
3. Similar shape transitions
4. Lens movement (the way the camera moves)
5. Momentum follows momentum (character’s movements)
6. Mask transition
Skill
1. Jump cuts: Create external rhythm
2. Fade/Fade: Show the passage of time and memories in a whole section
3. Flashing white: showing the passage of time and memories in fragments
Shots
Single shot (word/word)
The smallest unit cannot express meaning independently and needs to be combined to establish an image structure. Verbs are visual language and need to be realized.
beat (sentence)
Three shots make up a beat. One shot is a record, three shots can create an image
field (paragraph)
Triple beats constitute a scene. The threefold rule is the most basic rhetorical method
act (chapter)
Three times a scene constitutes one scene. The first three scenes are very important
pull tab
Screenwriter·Story Structure
Director·Audiovisual Language
Editing·Rhythm Montage
sound
1.Voice
The human voice is used to determine the main line of the film and is the most important part of sound design.
2. Motion effect
Motion effects are all sounds produced by the movements of the subject or surrounding objects in the picture, such as the sound of keys opening the door, turning on lights, and the sound of clothes rubbing against each other.
Motion effects are used very frequently in movies and are not easily noticeable. The application of motion effects can enhance the audience's sense of immersion and involvement when watching the film, and subsequently enhance the rhythm of the film itself, which will not be easily noticed by the audience.
3.Ambient sound
Ambient sound can be divided into internal and external sounds.
Internal refers to the different sounds the subject makes in different environments. For example, speaking in a factory will have echoes and the sound will feel empty.
External refers to the sounds from the surrounding environment, such as the sound of typing and whispered conversations heard when you are in an office building. The ambient sound in the off-screen space can give attributes to the characters.
4. Sound effects
Sound effects are artificially created rather than triggered by physical actions, and have been integrated into our daily lives, such as elevator door opening prompts, WeChat message reminders, etc.
5 special sound effects
Special sound effects do not appear in our daily lives. They simply serve the rhythm of the film, such as rising sound effects.
The first four sounds are close to daily life. Human voices, motion effects, environmental sounds and sound effects add up to provide a large amount of information in conjunction with the picture, which can enrich the content of the film and improve the narrative structure, and enhance the audience's sense of substitution and immersion. Special sound effects have no connection with daily life and only serve the rhythm of the film, so don’t focus on special sound effects. Green leaves cannot replace flowers.
point of view·perspective
Photography angle: composition, light, beauty
Director’s perspective: narrative, attitude, emotion
Subjective: subjective perspective, subjective point of view
objective: objective point of view
Eg: There are a total of 9 shots from the shooting perspective, 5 of which are from the audience’s perspective.
To whomever you give perspective and point of view, the audience will empathize with you. Perspectives draw into relationships between people. If you are closer, it will be easier to empathize with the audience.
There are three lens steps in establishing a point of view: 1. "I'm looking" 2. What "I" see 3. "My" reaction
If the relationship becomes distant, viewpoint to viewpoint to viewpoint
Color grading
tone
contrast of light and shadow
Color matching (preferably no more than three)
Brightness affects toning colors
It is better to adjust the color in a darker environment
Audio-visual language
Building momentum: suspense Scenery, emotion, and atmosphere create momentum
narrative
write about people
montage
1. Editing is montage
Pay attention to the important points: Why is editing a montage? The basis of editing is derived from the concept of time and space. The theory of montage must be based on time and space.
Rough cutting is a feeling
Pay attention to logic
Important note: start cutting without following the logic, change speeds and make transitions, and finally just enjoy yourself
Note: rough cutting is very important
2. Editing thinking = audio-visual language
Single shot = single Chinese character
Is "I love you" a label? It's a feeling that doesn't exist alone
Editing cuts emotion first, story second, and rhythm last.
3. Lens alone montage: The connection between lenses will produce a montage effect.
Basic lens montage
Expression is the feeling created by connecting through the lens
4. Drama tasks: All means used serve the drama tasks.
5. Continuous montage: a series of dramatic actions surrounding the dramatic task. Cut away excess time and space, keeping only those relevant to the dramatic task.
Such as: quickly show my life. When I was eating at home as a child, I turned into a junior high school student when I opened the door, became a high school student when I got off the elevator, and became an adult when I got on the elevator.
6. Parallel montage: a series of dramatic actions unfolding in different times and spaces around the same dramatic task.
Such as: David Fincher's "Zodiac"
7. Cross montage: On the basis of parallel montage, time and space are crossed.
Such as: "Destined by Fate"
There is no suspense in the encounter at the beginning, but there is suspense in the encounter at the end.
Under the same dramatic mission, when we meet in the same "space", time will be unified