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Diabetes pathogenesis mind map
This is a mind map about the pathogenesis of diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance.
Edited at 2023-11-06 00:05:08- bacteria
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Diabetes pathogenesis mind map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
Have a meal
Blood sugar↑↑
Exchange energy for energy supply, mobilize the decomposition of fat to replace blood sugar
thin
Fat cannot be used directly. Fat must be converted into blood lipids for use.
Blood lipids↑↑
Vascular disease
Large arteries: atherosclerotic lesions
Arterioles: retinal and renal vasculopathy
The origin of chronic complications of diabetes
Must be converted into ketones to function
Acetoacetate
beta-hydroxybutyric acid
acetone
Acidosis: DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
It is difficult to lower blood sugar, poor utilization of blood sugar, insufficient energy ATP cannot be produced, and glycogen and fat have not accumulated.
Hungry, polyphagia
But after eating it, my blood sugar level increased, and I still couldn’t use it, so——
Kidney (to be excreted through the kidneys)
When glucose reabsorption reaches its limit, it will increase osmotic pressure in urine and act as an osmotic diuretic like mannitol.
polyuria
water loss
Thirst, polydipsia
Increased burden on kidneys
diabetic nephropathy
Blood sugar is too high↑↑↑, excessive urination, lack of water
hyperosmolar coma
Type II diabetes
Insulin utilization defects, low tissue acceptance of insulin, and resistance to insulin are not a problem with the insulin itself, but are manifested as a decrease in insulin function. Then due to tolerance, more and more insulin must be secreted to satisfy the body, pancreatic beta cells We have to work twice as hard to secrete more insulin, but it has a limit. If it is not enough, there is nothing we can do about it. It is not that there is no insulin, but just a little bit is missing, resulting in a relative lack of insulin. However, pancreatic islet cells will be exhausted if they are in a long-term high-load working state. Over time, pancreatic islet β-cells change from a healthy state to a declining state. The function of pancreatic islet β-cells continues to decline, from a relative lack of insulin to an absolute deficiency. (Finally, insulin replacement therapy is required)
type 1 diabetes
Absolute deficiency of insulin, no more insulin
insulin
pancreatic beta cells
Reduce blood sugar↓↓
Direct Utilization: Immediately converts it into energy ATP and supplies it to cells for metabolic activities.
Short-term storage: If it is not used temporarily and blood sugar is high, it will be converted into liver glycogen and muscle glycogen to provide energy when blood sugar drops but no food is taken in. Muscle glycogen provides energy to muscles.
Convert to fat: When there is a large amount of excess glucose that is not used, a large part of it will be converted into fat. Therefore, losing weight means reducing sugar intake. This is how a sugar-free diet comes about. So fat is also formed directly.