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Chapter 6 Basic Hydraulic Circuit Mind Map
This is a mind map about basic hydraulic circuits, including pressure control circuits, speed control circuits, multi-cylinder work control circuits, etc. Hope this helps.
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Chapter 6 Basic Hydraulic Circuit Mind Map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
Hydraulic basic circuit
pressure control loop
Adjust and stabilize the pressure of the system or a certain branch to ensure that the actuator obtains the required thrust and torque and works safely and reliably
Pressure regulating circuit: Keep the pressure of the whole or part of the hydraulic system constant or not exceeding a certain value
In a fixed pump system, the oil supply pressure of the hydraulic pump can be adjusted through a relief valve; in a variable pump system, a safety valve is used to limit the maximum pressure of the system to prevent system overload; if more than two pressures are required in the system: Multi-stage voltage regulating circuit can be used
Classification
Single stage voltage regulating circuit
Secondary pressure regulation circuit: The set pressure of valve 4 must be less than the set pressure of valve 2, otherwise the second-level pressure regulation cannot be achieved.
Multi-stage pressure regulating circuit: The set pressures of valve 2 and valve 3 are smaller than the set pressure of valve 1, but there is no certain relationship between the set pressures of valve 2 and valve 3.
Continuous, proportional pressure regulation circuit
Pressure reduction circuit: Make a certain branch of the system obtain a stable pressure lower than that of the main system
Clamping circuit (single stage): used to prevent the oil from flowing back when the main oil line pressure is lower than the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve, and plays a short-term pressure maintaining role.
Secondary pressure reducing circuit
Booster circuit: Make the pressure of the working cylinder much higher than the output pressure of the pump
Single acting booster circuit
Two-way booster circuit
Unloading circuit: When the hydraulic pump does not stop rotating, the hydraulic pump is operated with power loss close to zero to reduce power loss, reduce system heat, and extend the service life of the pump and motor.
method
Flow unloading: Using a variable pump, when the speed of the actuator is very small or zero, but a certain pressure is still required, the pump is operated at the minimum flow (only to compensate for leakage). This method is relatively simple, but the pump is still in Operation wear is serious under high pressure (pressure maintaining and unloading)
Pressure unloading: When the actuator is not working, the pump is operated at near zero pressure, and the pump and system are simultaneously operated (non-pressure unloading)
type
Unloading circuit of the neutral function of the reversing valve
Unloading circuit using pilot relief valve
Pressure-maintaining circuit: During the working process of mechanical equipment, the hydraulic actuator is required to maintain pressure for a period of time when its stroke ends, and a pressure-maintaining circuit is required.
Pressure-holding circuit using an accumulator: The length of the pressure-holding time depends on the capacity of the accumulator. Adjusting the working range of the pressure relay can adjust the maximum and minimum values of the pressure in the cylinder.
Automatic oil replenishment pressure maintaining circuit
Balance circuit: To prevent the vertically placed hydraulic cylinder and working parts from sliding down due to their own weight when stopped, or overspeeding and losing control when going down, a sequence valve can be installed on the oil return line of the piston's downward movement to generate appropriate resistance to balance the moving parts. When the piston goes down, there is a certain back pressure on the oil return line. As long as this back pressure is adjusted to support the weight of the piston and the working parts connected to it, the piston can fall smoothly.
speed control loop
Speed regulating loop: a circuit that regulates the movement speed of the actuator
principle
Movement speed of hydraulic cylinder
Hydraulic motor speed
Classification
Throttle speed regulating circuit: For the fixed pump oil supply system, use the flow control valve (Adjustment A) to regulate the speed
Placement classification
Oil inlet throttling speed regulating circuit: suitable for low speed and light load occasions
Speed load characteristic equation
Maximum carrying capacity
Output Power
Effective power
loop efficiency
Return oil throttle speed regulating circuit: same as inlet oil throttling speed regulating circuit
Output Power
loop efficiency
Bypass throttling and speed regulating circuit: suitable for high-speed and heavy-load situations
Volumetric speed control loop: For a variable pump (motor) system, the speed is adjusted by changing the displacement of the variable pump or variable hydraulic motor.
Volumetric speed regulating circuit composed of variable pump and quantitative hydraulic actuator: constant torque (constant thrust) speed regulating circuit
Volumetric speed regulating circuit composed of quantitative system and variable hydraulic motor: constant power speed regulating circuit
Volumetric speed regulation circuit composed of variable pump and variable hydraulic motor: constant torque regulation in low speed section, constant power regulation in high speed section
Volumetric throttling speed regulation (joint speed regulation) circuit: using variable pump and flow control valve to regulate speed
Speed regulating circuit of pressure-limiting variable pump and speed regulating valve
Differential pressure variable pump and wide throttling speed control circuit
Rapid motion loop: a loop that makes the actuator move quickly
Function: Make the hydraulic actuator achieve the required high speed, shorten the mechanical idle stroke time, and improve the system efficiency.
Classification
Hydraulic cylinder differential connection circuit: widely used in the rapid movement of hydraulic power slides of combined machine tools and other mechanical equipment
Rapid motion circuit using accumulator: It is suitable for occasions that require large flow in a short period of time, and a small flow hydraulic pump can be used to make the hydraulic cylinder obtain a larger movement speed. It should be noted that within a working cycle of the hydraulic cylinder, There must be sufficient downtime to allow the hydraulic accumulator to be filled with liquid
Double-pump oil supply circuit: often used in situations where the actuator requires fast feed and slow feed with a large speed difference.
Rapid motion circuit using speed-increasing cylinder: commonly used in hydraulic press systems
Speed switching circuit: a circuit that changes the movement speed of the actuator
Switching circuit for fast forward and working speed: Use stroke valve to switch between fast and slow speeds
Advantages: The fast and slow speed switching process is relatively smooth, and the position of the switching point is relatively accurate.
Disadvantages: The installation position with a wide stroke cannot be arranged arbitrarily, and the pipeline connection is relatively complicated.
Switching circuit for two working speeds
single speed regulating valve
Speed regulating valve in parallel
Advantages: The two speed control valves can independently adjust their respective flows without affecting each other.
Disadvantage: When changing speed, the working parts of the machine tool will suddenly move forward.
Speed regulating valve in series
Multi-cylinder working control loop
Sequential action loop: Make each execution element in the system act strictly in the prescribed order.
Stroke valve control
Features: The work is reliable, but once the action sequence is determined, it is difficult to change it.
Application: Suitable for hydraulic systems of machining equipment where the action sequence and stroke do not need to be changed
Travel switch control
Features: It is convenient to adjust the stroke. Changing the electrical control circuit can change the action sequence of the hydraulic cylinder.
Application: Suitable for situations where the itinerary and sequence of cyclic actions often need to be changed
Pressure control
Features: sensitive action, easy installation and connection, reliability depends to a large extent on the performance of the sequence valve and its pressure adjustment value
Application: Suitable for occasions where the number of hydraulic cylinders is small and the load changes little.
Synchronous loop: Two or more actuators act simultaneously to overcome differences in load, friction resistance, leakage, manufacturing accuracy and structural deformation during movement to maintain the same speed or same displacement.
Rigid connection
speed regulating valve
Use tandem cylinder
Use synchronized cylinder
Use diverter collecting valve
Other circuits
Locking circuit: a circuit that enables the hydraulic cylinder to stay at any position and will not move due to external force after staying.