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Accounting General Thought Map
General accounting mind map, this is a chapter in the accounting subjects in the CPA exam, including accounting information quality requirements, accounting elements and their recognition and measurement, sustainability information disclosure, etc. Hope this helps!
Edited at 2023-11-03 16:07:49- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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Accounting General Thought Map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
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General Accounting
Accounting Overview
accounting concept
Using currency as the main unit of measurement, it reflects and supervises the economic activities of a unit.
Enterprise Accounting Standards System
Enterprise Accounting Standards System
financial reporting objectives
financial reporting objectives
fiduciary responsibility concept
decision-making usefulness
Basic accounting assumptions
accounting entity
spatial extent
The legal entity marked must be an accounting entity. However, accounting entities are not necessarily legal entities.
Continue to operate
Current size and status
Accounting installment
Continuous time ranges of the same length
monetary measurement
Basis of Accounting
Basis of Accounting
accrual basis
Corporate Financial Accounting
Financial Accounting of Administrative Institutions
cash basis
Financial Accounting of Administrative Institutions
Units in Government Accounting—Budget Accounting: Cash Basis; Financial Accounting: Accrual Basis
Professional ethics
Accounting staff
Adhere to integrity, abide by the law and serve the public; adhere to principles, abide by responsibilities and work hard; persist in learning, abide by integrity and innovate
Chinese Certified Public Accountant
Integrity, objectivity, independence, professional competence and diligence, confidentiality, and good professional conduct
financial report
financial position (balance sheet) on a specific date
Operating costs for a certain accounting period (income statement)
cash flow statement
Statement of changes in owner's equity (or shareholders' equity)
Note
Accounting information quality requirements
reliability
Correlation
understandability
Comparability
Vertical: The same or similar transactions or events occur in different periods of the same enterprise
Adopt consistent accounting policies
Horizontal: Different enterprises - the same or similar transactions or events that occur
Adopt prescribed accounting policies
Substance over form (common forms→)
Preferred stock or perpetual debt—liability or equity?
Premium stocks or perpetual bonds with mandatory interest payment obligations - Liabilities
Structured entities that the enterprise does not hold equity but can control - included in the scope of consolidation
Sales of Commercial Acceptance Bills with Recourse - Pledge Loans
variable returns
Fixed interest rates – subject to credit risk and may also be variable returns
The difference between bond investment and equity investment
The choice between cost method and equity method for subsequent measurement of long-term equity investment
finance lease
importance
prudence
Overestimating assets or income and underestimating liabilities or expenses
Provision for asset impairment
Fixed assets—accelerated depreciation method to calculate depreciation
Expenditures in the research phase of the enterprise—profit and loss for the current period
Prices continue to fall, issue inventory - first in first out method
contingencies
Basically certain inflow (95%-100%) - assets
Outflow is likely (50%-95%) - Liabilities
Deferred income tax
When it is probable that sufficient taxable income will be available to offset the temporary difference - deferred income tax assets
Related taxable temporary differences – deferred income tax liabilities
timeliness
Accounting elements and their recognition and measurement
Definition of accounting elements and their confirmation conditions
Reflect the financial status of the company (balance sheet)
assets
Corporate owned/controlled
Financial leasing of fixed assets - fixed assets
Bank borrowing, depositing in bank - bank deposit
expected to bring economic benefits
Start-up expenses - administrative expenses
Pending property damage
Provision for asset impairment
Intangible assets have been replaced and have no use transfer value - transferred to current profits and losses (non-operating expenses)
Business entertainment expenses - administrative expenses
Formed by past transactions or events
Purchase intention/plan
Liabilities
present obligation
legal obligations
Passive car recall
Promote obligations
Automobile voluntary recall
Expected outflow of economic benefits
Formed by past transactions or events
Owners' equity
Source composition
Paid-in capital, other equity instruments, capital reserves, treasury shares, other comprehensive income, special reserves, surplus reserves, undistributed profits
equity transactions
Subject-Owner/Owner-Owner
It will not affect the total equity, but will change the amount of each item within the equity.
Gains and losses related to equity transactions - included in equity and do not affect current profits and losses
Reflect business results (Income Statement)
income
daily activities form
Incidental - Gains (non-operating income)
Sales of goods
Sale of fixed assets
Regardless of the capital invested by the owner
Resulting in owner's equity ↑
Revenue↑——Profit for the year↑; Profit distribution↑——Owner’s equity↑
Where assets ↑/liabilities ↓ also cause owners' equity ↑ - income ↑?
I can only say it honestly
confirm
Obtain control over relevant products
cost
daily activities form
Incidental - losses (non-operating expenses)
Nothing to do with distributing profits to owners
Resulting in owner's equity ↓
profit
【Summary】Profit or loss ① Gains/losses directly included in operating profits; gains and losses on asset disposals, credit impairment losses, gains and losses on changes in fair value, investment income, etc. ② Gains/losses directly included in current profits; non-operating income and non-operating expenses. ③ Gains/losses directly included in owners’ equity; other comprehensive income.
Measurement attributes of accounting elements and their common applications
Reflecting the value of the “past”
history cost
Measurement of purchase of fixed assets/non-capital, purchase of inventory, assumption of debt, etc.
Reflect the value of “now”
replacement cost
Recording cost of excess inventory/fixed assets
net realizable value
Inventory end measurement - the lower of cost and net realizable value
Present value
① When fixed capital/no capital is obtained by installment payment. Booking cost = present value of total future payments ②Sales revenue is realized by installment collection, revenue = present value of future payment amount ③Abandonment expenses - the present value is used when included in the cost of fixed assets ④When determining the recoverable amount of assets - present value is one of the alternative measurement methods ⑤Financial lease of fixed assets, one of the accounting cost criteria = the present value of the payment
Fair value
①Trading financial assets, end-of-period measurement criteria ②Investment real estate, one of the subsequent measurement standards ③Other debt investments, measurement criteria at the end of the period ④Financial lease of fixed assets, one of the accounting methods ⑤Trading financial liabilities, end-of-period measurement criteria
Sustainability Disclosure
Sustainability Disclosure Framework (highest adoption rate)
Global Reporting Initiative, Sustainability Accounting Standards Board, International Integrated Reporting Council, Carbon Disclosure Project and Working Group on Climate-related Financial Disclosures
Starting point for ESG information disclosure
governance
Report
Sustainability information and financial information interact