Mouth, pharynx, nose, throat

Trachea, bronchi, branching bronchi within the lungs

Often causing incomplete respiratory obstruction

Characteristic manifestations: Inspiratory dyspnea; phlegm and/or high-pitched wheeze

Treatment method: suction with a suction device; assisted removal with hands or instruments; suction or removal under direct laryngoscopy.

clinical manifestations

Treatment principles: For mild cases, the head tilt to one side may be relieved; chin lifting method with one hand or mandibular support method with both hands; if necessary, place an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway

Characteristic manifestations: Inspiratory dyspnea, accompanied by dry cough and high-pitched throat sounds

Reasons: Allergy, reflux and aspiration of gastric contents, excessive secretions, strong irritation of tracheal mucosa

Clinical manifestations: significantly prolonged expiration time, scattered wheezing in both lungs, and cardiac arrhythmia

Treatment method: Oxygen inhalation or anesthesia machine mask assisted oxygen supply, antispasmodic drug treatment

Treatment method: Assist breathing with a simple breathing bag or anesthesia machine mask; control breathing with endotracheal intubation

Choose a method that is simple, effective, safe, and familiar to the operator

mandibular support method

Use of oropharyngeal airway

Use of nasopharyngeal airway

Indications

Precautions

Complications: gastric distension and reflux and aspiration (the most serious); soft tissue injuries around the eyes, mouth, and nose

advantage

Indications

Disadvantages and contraindications

Indications: acute respiratory failure emergency; bronchopleural fistula; bronchoscopy or airway surgery; emergency difficult airway

It is the most accurate and reliable method to connect the artificial airway with the natural airway and control the airway.

Indications

Preparation before intubation

Intubation method

Common complications of tracheal intubation

Routine and emergency tracheostomy

cricothyroidotomy or puncture

Inserting a bronchial tube into a unilateral main bronchus

Purpose: Separate the lungs on both sides and ventilate them separately to protect the healthy lung and improve the exposure of the surgical field.

Usage: Hemoptysis, pulmonary infection, bronchoalveolar lavage, lung surgery

Patients with a known difficult airway prior to intubation

Patients under general anesthesia, comatose and unable to breathe spontaneously

Difficulty intubating Patients with difficulty in mask ventilation