MindMap Gallery The most common types of 3D printing technologies at present---Personal information summary notes
I have been looking for information for a long time, but I have not seen any articles or videos that provide a comprehensive popularization of 3D printing technology. Some of them are too old and not comprehensive. So I can only take some time to summarize the information I searched online, which covers the four common 3D printing technologies: FDM, SLA, SLS, SLM, and their branch technologies. It describes the technical advantages and disadvantages and printing materials in more detail. I have not listed specific printing applications. Generally, those who find this mind map should have a certain desire to learn. After having a basic framework, you can search for information on your own. This article is only for basic learning.
Edited at 2024-01-17 09:10:02El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
The most common types of 3D printing technologies currently Profile summary notes
Print type
Fused deposition modeling
FDM
Printable materials
ABS
ASA
Nylon PA12
Carbon-filled nylon PA12
PC similar heat-resistant translucent material
PC polycarbonate
PLA
PETG
PEEK
ULTEM 1010 High Performance Thermoplastic
ULTEM 9085 High Performance Thermoplastic
Advantage
Large parts can be printed using this technology and the choice of materials and colors is very wide: more than 40
Usually no post-processing is required
fast
Affordable: For less complex geometries, this option may cost around 15% less than SLS
No need for expensive components such as lasers, the process is simple and clean
High material utilization rate, and a variety of Gonglux material powders can be used
The operating environment is clean and safe, and can be carried out in an office environment without the risk of toxic gases and chemical pollution.
Raw material is supplied in reeled wire form for easy handling and quick replacement
shortcoming
Support components are required and may leave unnecessary traces when removed
Small details are worrisome
significant stratification
Stereolithography
SLA
Printable materials
360X
9000E
Ledo6060
Somos-like ABS
High toughness LEDO
8100 transparent
Therm1 (high temperature resistance 150 degrees)
TAURUS (black)
8220
Perform (ceramic-like)
UTR3000 (brown, suitable for cultural and creative products)
Union black
Advantage
smooth surface treatment
Can print clear and transparent parts
High precision
It can be achieved at the micron level, such as 0.025mm.
fast
The size range that can be printed is wide, the largest foreign printable size is 2m, and the smallest printable size is 0.1mm.
shortcoming
Resin/polymer materials only
If resin is used as printing material, UV resistance is limited
The material is resin, which has limited strength, stiffness, and heat resistance. It is not conducive to long-term storage and is easily brittle and easy to break.
Support components required
There are supports after molding. The support structure needs to be removed manually when it is not fully cured, which can easily damage the model.
The construction cost is high, the maintenance cost is high, the material price is high, and it pollutes the environment.
Most of the materials are toxic! !
The process is relatively complicated
After printing, cleaning with alcohol or water and then curing with UV light requires a variety of equipment.
DLP
LCD
Compared
Source: Bilibili Dark Horse Falls https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1HG4y1x7UY/?spm_id_from=333.880.my_history.page.click
MJP (MultiJet Printing) multi-nozzle 3D printing technology principle
MultiJet Printing is a 3D printing technology developed by 3d Systems. It can print both photosensitive resin and casting wax.
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13441197jP/?spm_id_from=333.788.recommend_more_video.12&vd_source=4b3c1a4b99a3601e88428117df1d2ffa
powder molding
common
SLS
Printable materials
SLS is mainly used for resin printing. It needs to add adhesive and can be used without support.
The powder that has not been sintered remains in its original powder state and can be used as a support structure for the model, so no support structure is required during printing.
Molding materials are widely used, including plastics, metals, ceramics, sand and other powder materials. Currently, nylon powder and metal powder are mainly used.
PA 11, PA 12, Flex TPU, aluminum filled nylon
Can be post-processed
Media tumble burnishing
After the media is tumbled, the part will have smooth print slice marks and less sharp edges. The surface of the parts is as smooth as an eggshell.
Dyeing and coloring
dyeing
: blue, red, black, green
Spray paint coloring
: Any color, just add this in the real-time quote engine as a custom finish option
Food grade surface treatment
This surface treatment option ensures that it meets QA-certified food-grade standards, so these 3D printed parts are safe for contact with food. Suitable for Nylon 12.
Pearlescent treatment
This process uses a spray of fine glass bead particles to remove surface deposits without damaging the surface of the printed part.
shortcoming
Limited material and color options
Surface roughness (but can be reduced by media tumbling)
The problem of edge warping of large functional parts
fast
High-power lasers are required to manufacture and maintain, and there are currently no desktop-level SLS printers.
The process produces toxic gases
Before processing, it takes nearly 2 hours to heat to a temperature close to the melting point. After the parts are formed, it also takes 5-10 hours to cool.
Advantage
Freestyle design: no supporting features required
Versatile, durable, flexible and chemically resistant material (nylon)
Expandable to batch printing
Limited post-processing options
Economical, especially for small batches
MJF
HP Nylon Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF) is a powerful 3D printing technology that can quickly produce highly accurate and durable parts, especially with many advantages compared to other powder bed fusion technologies. Multi-jet melt parts are ideal for end-use applications, low- to medium-volume production, rapid prototyping, or as a nexus for injection molding. HP Nylon Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF) printed parts can be post-processed such as dyeing, sanding, and plating.
Printable materials
Nylon 11 (unfilled)
Nylon 12 (unfilled)
Nylon 12 (glass filled)
TPU 95A | Estane® 3D TPU M95A-545
Can be post-processed
black dye
The parts go through a standard depowdering process and then placed in a heated dye solution. Dyed parts will have a consistent matte black appearance and this treatment is highly recommended for a consistent looking product.
Vapor Fusion – AMT Chemical Polishing
PostPro3D® patented technology enables injection molded surface quality on 3D printed parts. Suitable for nylon 11 and 12.
Food grade surface treatment
This surface treatment option ensures compliance with ISO 9001 food-grade standards, so these 3D printed parts can come into contact with food. Suitable for Nylon 12.
polish
Spray
plating
shortcoming
Limited material and color options
Surface roughness (but can be reduced by media tumbling)
The problem of edge warping of large functional parts
fast
Advantage
Freestyle design: no supporting features required
Versatile, durable, flexible and chemically resistant material (nylon)
Expandable to batch printing
Economical, especially for small batches
SLM
SLM refers to selective laser melting or selective laser melting
The principle is the same as SLS
Mainly used in metal printing
Requires support to prevent minor deformation
Wire cutting blanking
Printable materials
Aluminum alloy
Aluminum Al-Si10Mg
Stainless steel
Stainless steel 17-4PH
Stainless steel 316L
mold steel
Die steel 718
Mold steel 1.2709
High toughness mold steel EM201
High hardness mold steel EM-CX
Titanium alloy
Ti-6Al-4V
Advantage
Complex geometries: SLM can create parts that cannot be produced through subtractive manufacturing
Metal powders used for SLM 3D printing do not have strong mechanical properties
Supports various mechanical and electrochemical post-processing options that can be used to improve the final quality of the part
shortcoming
Higher surface roughness compared to CNC machining
Costlier than other manufacturing technologies
Size is limited
learn
EBM
The principle of Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology is similar to that of SLM technology. An important difference is that the energy source is different. SLM uses laser as the energy source, while EBM uses electron beam as the energy source. In addition, the energy of the electron beam is greater, and the residual stress of the parts printed from the material will be smaller.
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1a4411D75h/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=4b3c1a4b99a3601e88428117df1d2ffa
LMD
Laser metal melting (Laser metal deposition) is the name of RPM Innovations. Its principle is the same as BeAM's DED, but the name is different. Of course, these popular names can also be Laser Deposition Technology (LDT), laser additive manufacturing (LAM), and DMD (direct metal deposition).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2foaRi4nxM
BJ
Industrial-grade metal 3D printing also has a binder jetting (BJ) technology. Similar to the molding method of laser sintering, a layer of metal powder consumables is first laid out, and then the adhesive is sprayed through the nozzle. The pattern of each layer is the slice of each layer of the part. After printing is completed, the surrounding powder also needs to be removed as shown in the video. The difference from laser sintering is that BJ technology first shapes the preliminary blank and then sinters it. (Comments from a video about 3D printing by Mr. He)
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pa411F7DD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)
almost any alloy
Selective thermal sintering (SHS)
thermoplastic powder
Powder layer nozzle 3D printing
Plaster 3D printing (PP)
plaster
laminated
Layered Entity Manufacturing (LOM)
Paper, metal film, plastic film
Wire
Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF)
almost any alloy
Select to compare
Source: Station B Hardware Tea Talk https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1C34y1o771/?spm_id_from=333.880.my_history.page.click
Source: One-stop processing service network Select Power Technology https://xometry.asia/zh-hans/