VERBAL IRONY AND SUSTAINED IRONY

Is a stylistic device also based on the simultaneous realization of two logical meanings - dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings are in opposition to each other. The literal meaning is the opposite of the intended meaning.

ex:War is the mother of all battles.

Metaphor

It is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples of metonymy both from literature and in everyday life.

ex:Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)

Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting,” is a figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.

ex:She is as heavy as an elephant!

In rhetoric, meiosis is a euphemistic figure of speech that intentionally understates something or implies that it is lesser in significance or size than it really is.

ex:“I am a very foolish fond old man, Fourscore and upward, not an hour more or less; And, to deal plainly, I fear I am not in my perfect mind…”

Litotes, derived from a Greek word meaning “simple”, is a figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.

ex:A million dollars is not a little amount.

Epithet is a descriptive literary device that describes a place, a thing or a person in such a way that it helps in making the characteristics of a person, thing or place more prominent than they actually are.

ex:“My restless blood now lies a-quiver, Knowing that always, exquisitely, This April twilight on the river Stirs anguish in the heart of me….”

united into a small group as they have much in common both in the mechanism of their formation and in their function.

ex:Aristotle as “The Philosopher” Winston Churchill as “The Great Commoner”

Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect.

Open secret Tragic comedy Seriously funny