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EdrawMindArt Making People Human (Part 3 Humanities Topic 6-Nature)
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Art Making People Human (Part 3 Humanities Topic 6-Nature)
This book is different from ordinary humanities books. It not only focuses on humanities and arts, such as literature, music, performance, etc., but also focuses on eternal philosophical themes, such as morality, happiness, and freedom. I hope that after reading this book, I will be like what is written on the title page: on the way of reading these words, I will meet myself...
Edited at 2024-01-14 23:10:04- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Art Making People Human (Part 3 Humanities Topic 6-Nature)
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
Part Three Humanities Themes
Chapter 15 Nature
early view of nature
Roman period
Lucretius
"On the Nature of Things"
Attributing the origin of nature to the violent collision of atoms
It is predicted that primitive atomic energy will eventually reappear and the world will end in a violent explosion.
Long before the establishment of the Roman Empire, people began to pay attention to the relationship between nature and humans.
Humans are actually stewards of the Earth, not its owners
Genesis 2:15
The Quran also has a similar concept
middle Ages
early medieval
Nature is thought of as something "external"
Almost no direct relationship with humans
11th and 12th centuries
A new literature emerged
Created by a group of rebellious young men preparing for the priesthood
Against strict ascetic training
Dislike the otherworldly tendencies of the elders
Encourage discovery of the outside world
Spinoza
“God and nature are one”
Arden Forest
William Shakespeare
"A Midsummer Night's Dream"
"storm"
a remote desert island
A "brave new world" far removed from urban reality
"Everyone's Happy"
One of Shakespeare's most classic comedies
Clearly contains some early environmentalist thought
The education people get from nature is far better than the education they get from libraries
In Shakespeare's time, people did not regard nature and man as one
Everything in the natural universe has its proper place and function, and humans should not try to interfere with it
definition
environmentalism
a movement about environmental protection
basic concepts
Humanity’s real role is to manage the Earth’s resources
Greenhouse gases are causing climate change and endangering all life on Earth
All people should pay due attention to actions that adversely affect the planet
nature and romance
background
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the humanities on both sides of the Atlantic were dominated by a movement known as Romanticism
Spreading into various fields such as art, literature, music and philosophy
romanticism
Emphasis on strong emotions in a work of art
Emphasis on emotion over intelligence
Emphasis on heart over head
This was a response to the overemphasis on reason and intelligence during the Enlightenment era in the 18th century
The emotion sought is not necessarily comfortable
Also accepts emotions such as fear and awe
Especially the awe inspired by the power of nature
Joseph Mallord William Turner
"Rotterdam Ferry"
status
Although the Romantic movement did not begin until after the Revolutionary War, its basic ideas undoubtedly influenced the thinking of those who founded the United States.
They equate "nature" with "freedom"
Natural rights remain the cornerstone of democracy
Declaration of Independence
Implicit in the equivalence of human rights and natural rights
vocabulary of romanticism
painting
concept
beautiful
A balanced, tranquil and pleasing depiction of nature
Sublime
Portraying the awe-inspiring power of nature
Edmund Burke
Established in the 1757 book "A Philosophical Investigation into the Origin of the Concepts of the Sublime and the Beautiful"
picturesque
Depictions of nature with rougher edges and rustic backgrounds
Join the discussion as landscape painting became a key component of 19th century art
Three complementary concepts most important to Romanticism
To clarify the relationship between nature and humans
Painting was not the only 19th-century art form to express the era's widespread concern with nature.
The early prototypes of urban planning emerged
The park design embodies the three major romantic concepts of nature.
Pleasant green space
Rustic forest path
Huge boulders brought from various places to create a sense of awe
Romanticism and Naturalism in Literature
Romanticism was also a dominant force in early 19th century literature
William Wordsworth
"Narcissus"
ralph waldo emerson
"On Nature"
Everyone should look for nature in themselves
a traditional asian philosophy
You should feel that you and "it" are one and the same
To love yourself is to love the world that surrounds you
Believing that man has the right to impose his will on nature will lead to the separation of nature and man
This may be the root cause of the current environmental crisis
Nineteenth-century American literature provided two paradigms about nature and man
walt whitman
"Leaves of Grass"
"My Own Song"
Depicts the scene of the poet meditating on the blades of grass
Come to the conclusion that man and nature are one
Herman Melville
"Moby Dick"
The author uses Moby Dick, the white whale, and the ocean full of suffering to symbolize nature that will surely defeat humans.
Picture 87 "Grand Fleet"
one of the most striking depictions of nature in literature
American "Naturalists"
Henry David Thoreau
"Walden"
Nature is not the origin of the universe, but the path to personal happiness
Reading Thoreau
People realize that even if they cannot have a lonely and quiet cabin in the woods, they can still observe things freely
romanticism in music
Romanticism's focus on nature and its emphasis on the senses and emotions (the irrational) also influenced early 19th-century music, especially in Germany
E.T.A.Hoffman
"nutcracker"
Nationalism is another important component in all Romanticism books
frederic chopin
"Mazurka"
"Ponaise"
Jean Sibelius
"Ode to Finland"
Richard Wagner
epic opera based on early german legend
Perhaps nationalism in music is most prominent
Romantic artists were also very enthusiastic about the revolutionary movements sweeping Europe at that time.
History background
The French Revolution
Greek War of Independence
belgian war
war of unification between germany and italy
Edward Elgar
"Majestic March"
British poet Lord Byron died of illness after joining the Greek national independence movement
Giacomo Leopardi
"To Italy"
"Mortal Trivia"
Profoundly contrasts the innocence of nature with the depravity of modern rational man
definition
Transcendentalism
The belief that divinity pervades nature and that thought and spirituality are more real than matter and the actions of daily life
naturalist
People who are willing to hide from the world and live alone
They live in the countryside and observe what happens in nature every day
Henry David Thoreau is a representative figure
Nature through Asian eyes
status
Nature has long been a central element in art across much of Asia, including China, Japan, and the Indian subcontinent.
In Chinese thinking, nature is complex, constantly regenerating and constantly changing.
Provides the possibility of purification and a clean environment
Taoist ideas of the connection between heaven and man and the Taoist approach to nature were later gradually integrated into Confucian and Buddhist ideas.
China
Han Dynasty
A large number of fairy mountain images appeared
full of mystery
Late Tang Dynasty
Landscape painting, especially paintings depicting gardens and temples, has become the mainstream in creation.
Painting landscapes responds to a universal human desire
Escape the everyday world and go to a more authentic and natural environment
Japan
and always celebrates the importance of the natural world
Pay more attention to the disappearance of nature shown by the changing seasons
The changing seasons are central to the Japanese Shinto belief system
indian subcontinent
Many works of art also focus on the relationship between humans and nature
Perhaps because of the belief that Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, many Indian designs and paintings feature trees and other plants very prominently.
The rise of urbanization
background
Athenians of the 5th to 4th centuries B.C. displayed an attitude
Civilization means city-state life
The city-state meant culture, elegance, art and philosophy, even life itself
With the development of cities and urban industry in the 19th century
City parks become alternatives to pristine nature
American myths are essentially urban myths
american urban poet
walt whitman
manhattan
Carl Sandburg
chicago poet laureate
contemporary anti-urbanists
definition
Manifest Destiny
A popular saying coined by John O'Sullivan in 1834
Originally a call for the federal government to annex the Republic of Texas
To some, it means the United States has an obligation to be a world leader and serve as a role model for “less developed countries.”
force of nature
background
Romantic artists imbued nature with the fear of God that Dante and Michelangelo had
Joseph Mallord William Turner
"Rotterdam Ferry"
Depicting nature as a terrifying and powerful force
Winslow Homer
"Gulf Stream"
Influenced by Turner, depicts the ocean as an awe-inspiring but never tamed force
Herman Melville
"Moby Dick"
epic novel
The style of the work is broad and magnificent
A literal version of the paintings of Turner and Homer
Some have compared "Moby Dick" to ancient Greek tragedies and the Book of Job.
Call it a warning against arrogance or arrogance
mary shelley
"Frankenstein"
leave a mark
background
Long before history was written, humans left their mark on the natural world
cave paintings
petroglyphs
Nature and Native Americans
Native Americans maintain a deep spiritual connection with nature, a tradition that runs deep
Kent Narbon
"Twilight Wolf"
Explore Native American culture
Crawford
North American Indian Blackfeet Tribe
See everything that exists from a natural perspective
Site-specific art and environmental art
Robert Smithson
"Spiral Jetty"
Notice the fluidity of nature itself
Andy Goldsworthy
active environmentalist
Interested in the rise and fall of nature
a skilled photographer
definition
site specific art
Art works that exist in a specific field. The artist has considered the field location of the work in advance when conceiving the art.
not just trouble
joseph conrad
"Heart of Darkness"
One of the strongest indictments of human arrogance ever written
Interpreted as an allegory of humanity’s continued damage to the earth’s resources
Man always has the arrogance to think that his own needs trump the needs of all other creatures, even the needs of the earth itself.
Francis Coppola
"Apocalypse Now"
modern environmentalism
Today's environmental movement began in the 1960s
source
The Romantics' obsession with pure landscape and the growing concern about air and water pollution in the early 20th century
Rachel Carson
"Silent Spring"
Jonathan Schell
"The Destiny of the Earth"
Bill McKibben
"The End of Nature"
"An Inconvenient Truth"
definition
Environmental Art
A general term for all works of art containing natural elements
But most of the time it specifically refers to art with ecological concerns and related political concerns.
nature
The world outside the city
The system of laws that govern the universe
the inner spirit or thought that governs the universe
Environment and Ecosystems in the Universe