Increase reaction rate

Enhance mass transfer

Prevent separation of immiscible liquids

Improve reaction homogeneity

Alter surface energies

Influence reaction selectivity

Metal ions in solution replaced by more reactive metals

Surfactants can alter the reactivity of metal ions

Halogen elements replaced by more reactive halogens

Surfactants can affect the solubility of halogens

Organic compounds react to form new compounds

Surfactants can stabilize organic reactants in aqueous phase

Production of pharmaceuticals

Synthesis of specialty chemicals

Soil and groundwater decontamination

Surfactants enhance the removal of pollutants

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

Surfactants reduce interfacial tension between oil and water

Surfactant molecules aggregate in solution

Increase solubilization of reactants

Surfactants concentrate at interfaces

Modify reaction environment

Surfactants improve contact between reactants and surfaces

Enhance reaction efficiency

Compatibility with reactants and solvents

Environmental impact and biodegradability

Optimal surfactant concentration for reaction efficiency

Potential for inhibition at high concentrations

Economic feasibility of surfactant use

Development of green surfactants

Tailored for specific displacement reactions

Improved performance and reduced environmental impact

Realtime monitoring of surfactant behavior in reactions

Predictive modeling of surfactant effects

Combining surfactant use with other technologies

Enhancing overall process efficiency and sustainability