Water distillation (the equipment is slightly complex, but it can reduce hydrolysis)

Water distillation (advantages: simple equipment, disadvantages: easy to agglomerate, easy to hydrolyze lipid-containing varieties, so it should not be used)

Water vapor distillation (complex equipment, high condition requirements, suitable for large-scale production, good product quality)

Solvent requirements:

Increase the concentration difference, increase the contact area, increase the extraction temperature, and extend the extraction time

The heating temperature during the processing is low, which can maintain the aroma of the original plant raw materials.

The products produced contain little or no terpenes and sesquiterpenes.

Has greater chemical stability

Has good fragrance-preserving effect

Generally, the extract is darker in color and cannot be dissolved in alcohol.

The solvent consumption is large and the equipment cost is high. The use of flammable and explosive solvents is prone to accidents.

counter current extraction

rotating extraction method

Stirring extraction method

Fixed extraction method

Continuous countercurrent leaching (increasing concentration difference to improve efficiency)

concentrate

purify

More essential oils extracted

Faster extraction

Suitable for mass production

Maintain natural aroma

Recycling of residues

Sponge absorption method

Whole fruit crushing method

Whole fruit cold grinding method

peel pressing method

Add entrainer

Break down grease with chemical solvents

Enzyme treatment

Add sodium sulfate

Process: extraction--elution--separation

Things to note:

The extraction capacity is controlled by temperature and pressure, and can be extracted in stages

Operates under normal temperature and pressure, and can handle heat-sensitive substances

Solutes and solvents can be separated easily by changing the temperature and pressure

Large diffusion coefficient, low viscosity

Supercritical phase solute concentration is small

High equipment investment: Special equipment is required and the initial investment is large.

High operating costs: strict operating conditions and relatively high energy consumption.

High requirements for raw materials: not all raw materials are suitable for supercritical extraction

Choose the appropriate supercritical fluid: Carbon dioxide is usually used because it has a low critical temperature and pressure and is non-toxic and harmless.

Control temperature and pressure: adjust according to the properties of the target substance to achieve the best extraction effect.

Considering the characteristics of the sample: such as moisture content, polarity, etc., pretreatment or adjustment of extraction conditions may be required.

Avoid cross-contamination: Ensure that the equipment and pipelines used during the extraction process are clean to prevent cross-contamination between different samples.

Pressure: As the pressure increases, the extraction efficiency increases and the solubility increases.

Temperature: As the temperature increases, the density decreases and the solubility decreases.

Selection of entraining agents

Fast heating: It can heat food quickly and is suitable for fast cooking.

Strong penetrability: It can penetrate packaging materials and heat the contents evenly.

No residue: no chemical residue is produced during the heating process.

Unevenness: May cause uneven heating and some parts may not be heated sufficiently

Temperature is difficult to control

Low extraction temperature

fast

Simple equipment

High yield

The equipment is complex, the cost is high, the extract has many impurities, has an impact on the environment, and the technology is difficult.

Separation is achieved based on the difference in the mean free path of motion of molecules of different substances.

Low operating temperature: Molecular distillation is carried out at temperatures far below the boiling point of substances, reducing thermal decomposition and deterioration of heat-sensitive substances.

High vacuum environment: High vacuum reduces the boiling point of materials, reduces the occurrence of chemical reactions, and improves product quality and yield.

High separation efficiency: Separation based on the difference in the free path of molecular motion can accurately separate target components, especially suitable for substances with similar boiling points but different molecular sizes and structures.

No pollution: no solvent is used to avoid contamination of the product by solvent residues.

Energy saving: During the molecular distillation process, there is little overheat loss, low internal pressure, and small internal resistance, thus saving energy consumption.

advantage

advantage