MindMap Gallery nervous system
Nervous system mind map. The nervous system is mainly composed of nervous tissue and is divided into two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Its main function is to regulate and control the physiological activities of the human body so that the human body becomes an organic whole.
Edited at 2024-11-22 20:39:26Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
nervous system
central nervous system
brain
telencephalon (brain)
shape
Sangou
Central sulcus, lateral cerebral sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus
five leaves
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, insular lobe
internal structure
lateral ventricle
cerebral cortex
composition
cone system
corticospinal tract
corticonuclear tract
Pyramidal tract injury, increased muscle tone
extrapyramidal system
cortical-pontine-cerebellar pathway
cortico-striatal
Damage to cerebellum and striatum, dystonia
Function
somatic motor center
somatosensory center
visual center
auditory center
olfactory center
taste center
balance center
language center
basal ganglia
caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus
claustrum
amygdala
diencephalon
dorsal thalamus
thalamic pulvinar
Inner medullary plate: inner core of the plate
posterior thalamus
medial geniculate body
lateral geniculate body
epithalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus
Body temperature, water and salt balance, endocrine, feeding, reproductive center
cerebellum
Paleocerebellum (vestibular cerebellum)
maintain balance
Old cerebellum (spinal cerebellum)
The area of the old anterior cerebellar lobe facilitates and inhibits muscle tone through the facilitative and inhibitory areas of the brainstem reticular formation.
Neocerebellum (cortical cerebellum)
fine motor
Coordinate muscle groups
brainstem
midbrain
Eyeballs, facial muscles, body posture, voluntary movements
pons
Regulate and control sleep
Medulla oblongata
Regulate breathing, blood circulation, digestion
life center
spinal cord
structure
gray matter
gray matter tuberculosis
central tube
Anterior horn: motor neurons
Intermediate zone: lateral horn cells, visceral motor neurons
Posterior horn: sensory neurons
spinal cord gray matter lamina
white matter
intrinsic bundle
ascending fiber tract
Fascicles gracilis and fasciculus cuneatee: posterior cord, fine touch
spinothalamic tract
Anterior spinothalamic tract: anterior cord
Lateral spinothalamic tract: lateral funiculus
spinocerebellar tract
anterior spinocerebellar bundle
posterior spinocerebellar tract
descending fiber tract
corticospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract: anterior cord
Lateral corticospinal tract: lateral cord
rubrospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
reticulospinal tract
central tube
Function
somatic reflex
Shallow reflection
deep reflection
stretch reflex
Regulated by the brainstem
Classification
tendon reflex
Muscle tension
visceral reflex
peripheral nervous system
According to the connection part
Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
One smell, two looks, three eye movements Four slides, five forks and six abductions Listening on all sides and swallowing with nine tongues vagal accessory sublingual
Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
Neck 8 Chest 12 Waist 5 Sacral 5 Tail 1
According to the distribution range
somatic nerves
somatosensory nerve
somatic motor nerve
splanchnic nerves
visceral sensory nerves
visceromotor nerve
Sympathetic nerve
sympathetic ganglion
paravertebral segment
prevertebral segment
sympathetic trunk
parasympathetic nerve
Issued from the following parts
accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve
superior and inferior salivary nuclei
dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
sacral accessory nerve nucleus
conduction pathway
Sensory (ascending) conduction pathways
Proprioceptive pathways (deep sensation)
Head and face
trunk, limbs
First level neurons: spinal ganglion
Second-order neurons; nucleus gracilis, nucleus cuneate
Third order neurons: ventrolateral nucleus
Pain and temperature sensation, gross touch, and pressure sensation pathways (shallow sensation)
Head and face
trunk, limbs
visual pathway
Motor (descending) conduction pathways
vertebral system
corticospinal tract
corticonuclear tract
extrapyramidal system
cortical-pontine-cerebellar pathway
cortico-striatal pathway
nerve impulse
rest to active
Resting potential: negative inside and positive outside
Action potential: positive inside and negative outside
all or nothing rule
composition
neuron
Structure and basic functional units of the nervous system
structure
dendrites
Integrate nerve impulses
axon
receive nerve impulses
cell body
efferent nerve impulse
Classification
According to the number of neuronal processes
multipolar neuron
bipolar neurons
pseudounipolar neuron
According to the function of neurons
Sensory neurons (afferent neurons)
Motor neurons (efferent neurons)
interneurons
According to the length of neuron axon
Neurotransmitters released by neurons and chemical properties of neurotransmitters
glial cells
Function
Support, nourish, insulate, protect, repair
central nervous system
astrocytes
blood brain barrier
oligodendrocytes
myelin sheath
microglia
Phagocytosis
test tube membrane cells
cerebrospinal fluid
peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
satellite cells
synapse
chemical synapse
Presynaptic components (synaptosomes)
synaptic cleft
postsynaptic component
electrical synapse