fibrin

Albumin (produced by the liver)

globulin

The ability to deform and recover is helpful for passing through small holes.

Influencing factors: Proportional (elasticity, fluidity, surface area of ​​cell membrane) Inverse ratio (cell viscosity)

Concept: Characteristics of swelling, rupture, and hemolysis in hypotonic solutions

Concept: When blood is anticoagulated and in a static state, red blood cells are relatively stably suspended in the plasma.

Reason: friction between red blood cells and plasma, repulsion of charges between red blood cells

Influencing factors

Men: 120∽160g/L

Women: 110∽150g/L

Site: red bone marrow (liver and spleen can participate in compensatory hematopoiesis)

Process: Hematopoietic stem cells → multi-lineage hematopoietic progenitor cells → erythroid committed progenitor cells → proerythroblasts → promyoerythrocytes → intermediate erythrocytes → late erythrocytes → reticulocytes → mature erythrocytes

required substances

explosive facilitator BPA

erythropoietin EPO

Concept: The number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal

Types of anemia

Intravascular (minor)---Physically damaged

Extravascular (main)----spleen and liver

Cellular extravasation can occur through deformation

The property of traveling to certain substances

neutrophils

eosinophils

basophils

monocytes

Lymphocytes

Definition: Adhesion between platelets and platelet surface Note: Adhesion only occurs when blood vessels are damaged

Process: Exposure of blood vessel wall collagen → Anti-vascular pseudohemophilic factor (vWF) collagen fiber binding → vWF allosteric → Platelet protein binding to allosteric vWF

Volatile platelets initiate steps in hemostasis and coagulation

Definition: After platelets adhere to each other, they aggregate together

Aggregation pathway: ① ADP pathway: ADP causes the reversible aggregation of a small amount of platelets, which is the first aggregation phase; the aggregated platelets then release ADP, and the platelets again undergo irreversible large-scale aggregation, which is the second aggregation phase. ADP-induced platelet aggregation requires the presence of Ca²⁺ and fibrinogen and consumes energy ② Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) pathway: irreversible ③Platelet activating factor pathway: irreversible

Definition: The process of aggregation and simultaneous release of substances such as α-granules, dense bodies, and lysosomes

Mechanism: aggregation → change in membrane permeability → water entry into cells → platelet swelling → rupture → dissolution

Meaning: Helps promote blood coagulation

With the participation of Ca²⁺, platelet contractile protein shrinks the blood clot to form a thrombus, which is beneficial to hemostasis.

Process: ① contraction of small blood vessels ② formation of platelet hemostatic thrombus ③ blood coagulation

Mechanism: adsorbs coagulation factors, provides phospholipid surface, and participates in blood clot contraction

physical support release growth factors

Steps: Formation of prothrombin complex → Prothrombin becomes thrombin → Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin

Classification

Common point: FXa generated by the two pathways forms a prothrombin complex with FVa under the action of Ca²⁺, and then further forms thrombin, and finally forms a fibrin monomer.

Mechanism: ① Directly inhibit the activity of FXa ② Extinguish fire VIIa-tissue factor, thereby inhibiting the exogenous coagulation system