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Abnormalities of the fetus and its appendages
This is a mind map about abnormalities of the fetus and its appendages. The main content includes: abnormal amniotic fluid, twin pregnancy, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and fetal distress.
Edited at 2024-11-04 20:07:28- 곤충학
이것은 곤충학에 대한 마인드 맵으로, 곤충의 생태와 형태, 생식 및 발달, 곤충과 인간의 관계를 연구하는 과학입니다. 그것의 연구 대상은 곤충으로, 가장 다양하고 가장 많은 수의 동물이며 생물학적 세계에서 가장 널리 분포되어 있습니다.
- 자녀의 내부 동기 부여를 개발하는 방법 기업가를위한 실용 가이드
이것은 어린이의 내부 동기를 육성하는 방법에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 기업가를위한 실용적인 가이드, 주요 내용 : 요약, 7. 정서적 연결에주의를 기울이고, 과도한 스트레스를 피하십시오.
- 자동화 된 프로젝트 관리 템플릿
이것은 자동화 프로젝트 관리 템플릿, 주요 내용에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 메모, 시나리오 예제, 템플릿 사용 지침, 프로젝트 설정 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 디자인 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 수요 분석 단계 (What-Why-How)에 대한 마인드 맵입니다.
Abnormalities of the fetus and its appendages
- 곤충학
이것은 곤충학에 대한 마인드 맵으로, 곤충의 생태와 형태, 생식 및 발달, 곤충과 인간의 관계를 연구하는 과학입니다. 그것의 연구 대상은 곤충으로, 가장 다양하고 가장 많은 수의 동물이며 생물학적 세계에서 가장 널리 분포되어 있습니다.
- 자녀의 내부 동기 부여를 개발하는 방법 기업가를위한 실용 가이드
이것은 어린이의 내부 동기를 육성하는 방법에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 기업가를위한 실용적인 가이드, 주요 내용 : 요약, 7. 정서적 연결에주의를 기울이고, 과도한 스트레스를 피하십시오.
- 자동화 된 프로젝트 관리 템플릿
이것은 자동화 프로젝트 관리 템플릿, 주요 내용에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 메모, 시나리오 예제, 템플릿 사용 지침, 프로젝트 설정 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 디자인 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 수요 분석 단계 (What-Why-How)에 대한 마인드 맵입니다.
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- Outline
Abnormalities of the fetus and its appendages
fetal distress
acute fetal hypoxia
It mostly occurs during labor. Fetal movements are excessive and frequent in the early stage, and decrease and disappear in the late stage.
Feces contaminates the amniotic fluid, and the amniotic fluid appears light green, turbid yellow-green, and then thick brown, that is, the amniotic fluid is contaminated in the first, second, and third degrees.
chronic fetal hypoxia
Most often occurs in late pregnancy
The main manifestation is fetal movement count <10 times/2h or reduced by 50%
Diagnostic points
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal heart rate >160 beats/min or <110/min, late fetal heart rate deceleration occurs
fetal biophysical score
A score of ≤4 indicates fetal hypoxia, and a score of 5 to 6 indicates suspected fetal hypoxia.
Fetal scalp blood gas analysis
Color Doppler ultrasound fetal blood flow monitoring
amnioscopic examination
Nursing measures
Change body position (left lateral decubitus position), oxygen inhalation for pregnant women, disease observation, assisted treatment, etc.
placental abruption
Pathophysiology (mainly decidual hemorrhage)
explicit peeling
implicit stripping
clinical manifestations
Level 0
Retrospective postpartum diagnosis after delivery
Level 1
External bleeding, soft uterus, no fetal distress
Level 2
Fetal distress or fetal death in utero
Level three
Maternal shock symptoms with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation
Diagnostic points
laboratory tests
Ultrasound examination, general B-ultrasound examination for diagnosis
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
treat
Once discovered, terminate the pregnancy promptly
placenta previa
Classification
completeness
Partiality
marginality
low lying placenta
Typical performance
Sudden, unprovoked, painless, recurrent vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy or during labor
Diagnostic points
B-ultrasound examination
treat
Expectant therapy: suitable for less than 36 weeks of pregnancy
For those who are at term or in labor, cesarean section is generally used to terminate the pregnancy.
Nursing measures
Absolute bed rest, lying on your left side. Vaginal and anal examinations are prohibited to avoid causing bleeding.
premature rupture of membranes
clinical manifestations
Pregnant women suddenly feel fluid leaking from the vagina or an uncontrollable "urinary leakage" sensation without abdominal pain.
treat
Give intramuscular injection of dexamethasone to promote fetal lung maturation
Nursing measures
Raise your buttocks to prevent umbilical cord prolapse; if there is umbilical cord prolapse, the labor should be ended within a few minutes
twin pregnancy
Classification
dizygotic twins
Twin pregnancy in which two eggs are fertilized separately
monozygotic twins
A twin pregnancy resulting from the division of one fertilized egg
clinical manifestations
Nausea, vomiting and other early pregnancy reactions, difficulty breathing and inconvenience in later stages
Confirmed
Ultrasound examination
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Nursing measures
nutritional guidance
Eat small and frequent meals, eat more foods containing high protein, high vitamins, and essential fatty acids, and pay attention to supplementing iron, calcium, folic acid, vitamins, etc.
pregnancy care
Dynamically monitor the uterine height, abdominal circumference, and weight of pregnant women, and evaluate fetal growth and development as well as changes in fetal position.
childbirth care
Closely observe fetal heart rate, fetal position, and labor progress, and be prepared for infusion, blood transfusion, and newborn rescue.
After the first fetus is delivered, the umbilical cord on the side of the placenta must be clamped immediately to prevent blood loss in the second fetus.
Tocotocin is used immediately after the delivery of the second fetus
Abnormal amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
acute
Difficulty breathing, vulvar edema or varicose veins, unclear fetal position, distant or inaudible fetal heartbeat
Chronic
Eat a low-sodium diet. Reduce activities that increase abdominal pressure. Give low flow oxygen
Oligohydramnios
Diagnostic points
The most important auxiliary examination method during ultrasonic examination
Amniotic fluid measurement