Striated muscles include skeletal muscles attached to bones and cardiac muscle that make up the heart, It is named because the muscle fibers show alternating light and dark striations under the microscope.

Rhabdomyolysis syndrome refers to the destruction of striated muscle cells due to various causes. Intracellular substances are released into the extracellular fluid and blood circulation, causing clinical syndromes. The disease typically manifests as the triad of myalgia, myasthenia, and tea-colored urine. Severe cases can lead to serious problems such as acute kidney injury, which can even be life-threatening.

Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis syndrome is a sporadic case. Acute kidney injury may occur in more than 15% to 50% of patients.

Trauma/squeeze injury

Muscles overworked

drug poison

Infect

endocrine diseases

metabolic myopathies

inflammatory myopathies

electrolyte imbalance

The most classic triad of rhabdomyolysis is: myalgia, muscle weakness, and strong tea-colored urine. Most of the muscles with symptoms are muscles close to the trunk. Such as thighs, around shoulder joints, and lower waist. However, clinically, more than half of patients have no prominent muscle symptoms. The color of urine is related to the size of the necrotic muscle area and the filtration function of the kidneys.

In addition, severe patients may develop acute kidney injury, and clinical symptoms may include oliguria, anuria, and edema. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, kidney function may eventually fail to recover.

Severe cases may be accompanied by a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting and even abdominal pain.

If the cause is poisoning, water and electrolyte disorders, etc., it may be accompanied by abnormalities in mental behavior and emotions.

During the consultation, the doctor may ask the following questions to get a preliminary understanding of the condition:

Doctors can make a diagnosis based on the patient's history, symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory test results. Thereafter, a treatment plan can be further developed based on the severity of complications.

Emergency Department, Nephrology.

Doctor examination

laboratory tests

Imaging examination

Pathological examination

myocardial infarction

inflammatory myopathies

Other kidney diseases

•Identifying the triggers and causes and actively removing the triggers are the basis for treatment of the disease. For example, avoid strenuous exercise, stop using related drugs (statins and lipid-lowering drugs), etc.

•Fluid therapy and aggressive correction of electrolyte imbalances are the most important treatments in the early stages of the disease, And if intervention is timely and adequate, kidney damage can be prevented.

Due to large individual differences, there is no absolute best, fastest, or most effective medication. In addition to commonly used over-the-counter drugs, the most appropriate drug should be selected based on the individual situation under the guidance of a doctor.

Alkaline drugs, such as sodium bicarbonate, may be used to treat rhabdomyolysis syndrome.

Compartment syndrome is one of the complications of the disease. Identify compartment syndrome as early as possible and conduct adequate evaluation. If necessary, surgical incision and adequate decompression can save more muscles, blood vessels, and nerve tissue.

Blood purification treatment: should be considered in patients who have developed oliguria, anuria or severe kidney damage. Perform blood purification treatments, such as hemodialysis, hemofiltration, etc., to control volume overload, In cases of hyperkalemia, severe acidosis, etc., maintain the patient's life until renal function recovers.

acute kidney injury

compartment syndrome

disseminated intravascular coagulation

hypovolemia

severe electrolyte imbalance

•For patients with underlying diseases, such as hereditary metabolic myopathy, endocrine diseases, etc. Patients with the disease may relapse after lower levels of exercise and stress.

•Rhabdomyolysis syndrome caused by drug use, exposure to toxicants or other causative factors, After effective treatment, if the patient is exposed to drugs, poisons and other pathogenic factors again, the disease may relapse.

•After returning home, it is recommended that family members appropriately share the patient's physical labor to reduce the load on the patient's muscles.

•If rhabdomyolysis syndrome occurs due to drug use, exposure to poisons, or other factors, After patients are discharged from the hospital, they still need to pay attention to avoiding these triggers to prevent recurrence of the disease.

sports

diet

living habits

•For those with hereditary metabolic muscle diseases, inflammatory myopathies or endocrine diseases, etc. Patients with underlying diseases often need to follow the doctor's advice for regular follow-up visits over a long period of time.

•For patients without underlying diseases, attention should be paid to daily life management. And please note that if muscle pain or urine becomes darker again, you should seek medical attention in time.

Since some drugs can induce rhabdomyolysis syndrome, If you seek medical treatment for other diseases, you should inform the doctor of your history of rhabdomyolysis syndrome. To avoid taking risky drugs, or to closely monitor relevant indicators while taking drugs.

When encountering trauma and compression, seek medical attention as soon as possible; try to avoid prolonged high-intensity exercise; During the use of drugs that may cause rhabdomyolysis (such as statin lipid-lowering drugs, weight-loss drugs, etc.) Regular monitoring of biochemical indicators, etc., as directed by the doctor is of certain significance in the prevention of this disease.