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artery
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease, mainly characterized by lipid deposition, fibrous tissue proliferation and calcium deposition on the arterial intima, forming plaques, resulting in thickening, hardening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the lumen.
Edited at 2024-10-20 22:35:50- Sistema reprodutivo
Este modelo mostra a estrutura e a função do sistema reprodutivo na forma de um mapa mental. Ele apresenta os vários componentes dos órgãos genitais internos e externos e classifica o conhecimento claramente para ajudá -lo a se familiarizar com os principais pontos do conhecimento.
- Interpretação e resumo do e-book de campo de relacionamento
Este é um mapa mental sobre a interpretação e o resumo do e-book do campo de relacionamento, conteúdo principal: visão geral da interpretação da essência e visão geral do e-book do campo de relacionamento. "Campo de relacionamento" refere -se à complexa rede interpessoal na qual um indivíduo influencia outras pessoas através de comportamentos e atitudes específicos.
- Livros de contabilidade e registros contábeis
Este é um mapa mental sobre livros contábeis e registros contábeis.
artery
- Sistema reprodutivo
Este modelo mostra a estrutura e a função do sistema reprodutivo na forma de um mapa mental. Ele apresenta os vários componentes dos órgãos genitais internos e externos e classifica o conhecimento claramente para ajudá -lo a se familiarizar com os principais pontos do conhecimento.
- Interpretação e resumo do e-book de campo de relacionamento
Este é um mapa mental sobre a interpretação e o resumo do e-book do campo de relacionamento, conteúdo principal: visão geral da interpretação da essência e visão geral do e-book do campo de relacionamento. "Campo de relacionamento" refere -se à complexa rede interpessoal na qual um indivíduo influencia outras pessoas através de comportamentos e atitudes específicos.
- Livros de contabilidade e registros contábeis
Este é um mapa mental sobre livros contábeis e registros contábeis.
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- Outline
artery
atherosclerosis
Pathological changes
AS atherosclerosis mainly affects large and medium arteries
Characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and TG
Regulate blood lipids
Statins HMC-CoA reductase inhibitors
Mechanism of action
Regulate blood lipids, LDL is the strongest, TC is the second, and TG is very weak
Inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis
Reduce plasma C-reactive protein and reduce inflammatory response
Inhibit monocyte and macrophage adhesion and secretion
Inhibit platelet aggregation, improve fibrinolysis and exert anti-thrombotic effect
Antioxidant, LDL oxidation is a component of atheromatous plaque
clinical application
Regulate blood lipids
nephrotic syndrome
Prevent acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality
Inhibit restenosis after blood vessel formation
adverse reactions
Gastrointestinal reactions, skin flushing, pain
Transaminases are elevated and recover a few months after stopping the drug
Myopathic syndrome, rhabdomyolysis
Contraindications: Pregnant women, patients with liver disease
Regulate blood lipids
cholesterol absorption inhibitor
bile acid binding resin
Cholestyramine (cholestyramine), colestipol (cholestyramine)
Block bile acid reabsorption in the intestine and promote TC consumption
Inactivate bile acids and reduce the absorption of lipids in food
Reduce TC and LDL levels
Gastrointestinal reactions, constipation, bloating, and loss of appetite
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Ezetimibe
Methyllinoleamide
Regulate blood lipids
Drugs that mainly lower TG and VLDL
fibrates
Gemfibrozil (Noheng), fenofibrate (lipid-lowering), bezafibrate (lipid-lowering)
Adjust blood lipids, reduce TG and VLDL
Anti-platelet aggregation, increase plasmin activity
niacin
Broad spectrum lipid regulating drug
Reduce TG and VLDL
Antioxidants
Probucao
Antioxidant
Regulate blood lipids and inhibit HMC-CoA reductase
Vitamin E
aortic dissection
Cause
Hypertension, atherosclerosis, congenital malformations, iatrogenic injury (stent, etc.)
pathology
AS → local crack → formation of dissecting aneurysm
Types
Type I ascending aorta beyond the aorta
most common
Type Ⅱ limited ascending aorta
Type III descending aorta
clinical manifestations
Pain (main manifestation): severe chest pain (nature: tearing, knife-like)
Blood pressure: blood pressure varies between upper and lower limbs
Cardiovascular system: heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, etc.
Organ or limb ischemia: limbs, internal organs, nervous system manifestations
Dissecting aneurysm rupture: abdominal cavity, pleural effusion, shock
installment
Acute: less than two weeks
Subacute: two weeks to two months
Chronic: more than two months
examine
X-ray arterial shadow widening
UCG looks at the heart (limited to arterial dissection)
Aortography (gold standard)
CTA/MARI has replaced arteriography
treat
Absolute bed rest
drug of choice
Sodium nitroprusside (rapidly lower blood pressure, expand tubes)
emergency surgery
interventional, thoracotomy