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Chapter 5 Atomic Structure
This is a mind map about Chapter 5 Atomic Structure. The main contents include: atomic structure and the periodic law of elements, the structure of multi-electron atoms, description of electron orbits within atoms, wave-particle duality of microscopic particles, human beings Understanding of atomic structure models.
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Chapter 5 Atomic Structure
- Sistema reprodutivo
Este modelo mostra a estrutura e a função do sistema reprodutivo na forma de um mapa mental. Ele apresenta os vários componentes dos órgãos genitais internos e externos e classifica o conhecimento claramente para ajudá -lo a se familiarizar com os principais pontos do conhecimento.
- Interpretação e resumo do e-book de campo de relacionamento
Este é um mapa mental sobre a interpretação e o resumo do e-book do campo de relacionamento, conteúdo principal: visão geral da interpretação da essência e visão geral do e-book do campo de relacionamento. "Campo de relacionamento" refere -se à complexa rede interpessoal na qual um indivíduo influencia outras pessoas através de comportamentos e atitudes específicos.
- Livros de contabilidade e registros contábeis
Este é um mapa mental sobre livros contábeis e registros contábeis.
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- Outline
Chapter 5 Atomic Structure
Human understanding of atomic structure models
Dalton - Atoms are indivisible
Thomson - jujube cake model
Rutherford - The nucleus is in the center and contains all of the atom's positive charge and mass. Electrons move in circles around the nucleus and carry a negative charge.
Planck's quantization theory and Bohr's atomic model - Planck's quantization theory: changes in physical quantities are discontinuous and consist of integer multiples of the smallest unit. Bohr atomic model: The energy of electron orbits in an atom is quantized. Electrons have a certain energy in a fixed energy level orbit. If they absorb or release fixed energy, they will jump in different energy level orbits.
Wave-particle duality of microscopic particles
Einstein's photoelectric effect
Photons have wave-particle duality
de Broglie
In addition to being particles, physical particles also have wave properties.
Davidson and Germer's electron diffraction experiments
A stream of electrons creates a ring-shaped diffraction image
Description of electron orbits within an atom
wave function
n: main quantum number, representing the number of electron layers
l: Angular quantum number, representing sub-layers of different states in the same electron layer
l=0: s spherical
l=1, p dumbbell type
l=3, d petal type
l=4, f multi-petal type
m: magnetic quantum number, representing the number of electrons that can be filled in the same sub-layer
m={-n 1<=m<=n-1}
ms: spin quantum number, representing the orientation of electron rotation
ms= 1\2,-1\2
Electrons are distributed in the form of electron clouds
The structure of a multi-electron atom
shielding effect
drill-through effect
Hundt's rule
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Atomic structure and periodic law of elements
periodic table of elements
The composition of the periodic table of elements
cycle
Divided according to energy level groups, elements in the same period have the same number of energy level groups
clan
According to the outermost electron beam classification, the outermost electron beams of the same family of elements are the same
district
Divided according to the energy levels filled by the outermost electrons
s area
p area
area d
ds area
…
The rules of the periodic table of elements
Ionization energy
The energy required for a ground state gaseous atom of an element to lose one electron and become a monovalent gaseous positive ion
Quantitatively reflects the ability of gaseous atoms of elements to lose electrons and compares the metallicity of elements.
The ionization energies of main group elements in the same period show an increasing trend from left to right, with abnormalities appearing in the second and third main groups and the fifth and sixth main groups.
The ionization energy of elements of the same family increases from top to bottom.
electronegativity
Compare the ease with which gaseous atoms of different elements gain and lose electrons
The periodic table of elements increases from left to right and from bottom to top.
Atomic orbital energy level diagram