Industrial Revolution - the division of labor in design and manufacturing

Industrial products are shoddily manufactured

A serious decline in artistic taste

Issues such as nondescript decoration

Product design confusion

Queen Victoria --- (husband) Duke Albert (Guild of British Artists)

British landscape architect--Joseph Paxton--steel structure prefabricated building

Hyde Park, London

Famous British literary theorist and social critic

Theoretical advocate of the Arts and Crafts Movement

Design thinking

Comments on John Ruskin

He was the first person to realize Ruskin's design ideas in practice.

It emphasizes that the target of design services is the public. On the one hand, it denies the mechanization and industrial style, and on the other hand, it denies the excessive decoration of the Victorian style.

Think Gothic and medieval designs are honest designs

Emphasis on handicrafts and clear opposition to mechanized production

Rejecting pretentious Victorian style and other classical and traditional revival styles in decoration

Promote Gothic style and other medieval styles, emphasizing simplicity, simplicity, and good functionality

Advocate for honesty in design and oppose the trend of flashy design

The decoration also advocates the characteristics of naturalism, oriental decoration and oriental art.

Furniture design, graphic design, daily necessities design, etc.

Influence on the United States in the late 19th century

Wright and other designers

Oppose industrialization and deny machinery and mass production

Too much emphasis on decoration increases the cost of the product, making it impossible for low-income people to enjoy it.

It is still a product of the ivory tower and the idealistic crystallization of intellectuals’ wishful thinking.

Unable to solve the problems caused by industrialization, they tried to escape reality and retreated to their idealized medieval and Gothic periods.

Denying large-scale industry and mechanical production, this movement is ideologically negative

Representative works-Tassel Hotel, Brussels "People's House"

A core figure and leader of the early Belgian design movement at the end of the 19th century, he was an outstanding designer, design theorist and educator.

The most outstanding designer from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, his design theory and practice made him an important founder of modern design history.

Support new technologies, affirm machinery, put forward the principle of function first in design, advocate the combination of art and technology, and oppose pure decorativeism and pure artisticism that ignore function.

When he was in Belgium, he was mainly engaged in Art Nouveau style home and interior design.

during the german period

Illustration--Salome

Representative works - Mira Apartments, Sagrada Familia Cathedral

high back chair

Linear shape, mechanized production

"The first modern designer", his design office - "the cradle of modern designers in the world"

One of the important founders of German modernist design

Famous architect, pioneer in industrial product design, chief architect of the "German Industrial Alliance"

Hermann Muthus

Deutsche Werkbund - German Industrial Federation

The most famous designer of the German Industrial League, known as the "first modern art designer"

In 1904, he joined the organization of the German Industrial Union

In 1907, he was hired by the German General Electric Company AEG as an architect and design coordinator, beginning his career as an industrial designer.

It was the first company in the world to hire an artist to oversee the entire industrial design.

Achievements in all aspects of AEG design are a prime example of the goals pursued by the industrial alliance.

Using simple geometric forms to design pure and authentic products

If Art Nouveau is a very loose movement, the positions are craftsmen, bohemian individualism and aesthetes

Then the manufacturing alliance requires order and emphasizes the country's economic strength. "German-style" design should be a collective achievement that maximizes the mobilization of resources and collective efforts.

The success of the Manufacturing Alliance is due to these concepts and tendencies (such as refined neoclassical elements; cultural interpretation of standard modularity; pursuit of typical forms and types; and, through modern design, helping the country's economic strength and social stability ) provide a model for an advanced organizational model.

The establishment of the Federation of German Industries is of great significance. It is a center for exhibitions and reunions, and is the cornerstone of German modernist design.

In both theory and practice, it laid the foundation for the rise and development of the European modernist design movement in the 1920s.