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Repair of damage
Pathology summarizes and organizes knowledge points to help learners understand and remember. Straight to the point, it can be used as study notes and review materials to help you systematically review and consolidate the knowledge you have learned. The knowledge points are systematic and comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to everyone! Suitable for exam review.
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Repair of damage
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In order to help everyone use DeepSeek more efficiently, a collection of DeepSeek guide mind map was specially compiled! This mind map summarizes the main contents: Yitu related links, DS profile analysis, comparison of DeepSeek and ChatGPT technology routes, DeepSeek and Qwen model deployment guide, how to make more money with DeepSeek, how to play DeepSeek, DeepSeek scientific research Application, how to import text from DeepSeek into MindMaster, the official recommendation of DeepSeek Wait, allowing you to quickly grasp the essence of AI interaction. Whether it is content creation, plan planning, code generation, or learning improvement, DeepSeek can help you achieve twice the result with half the effort!
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- Outline
Repair of damage
regeneration
concept
The process of repairing surrounding cells after damage
cell regenerative potential
unstable cells
The strongest regeneration ability
The presence of stem cells is necessary for the continuous renewal of such tissues
Such as epidermal cells, mucosal cells, lymphocytes
stable cells
Also called quiescent cells, in G0 phase
Can stimulate regeneration after injury
Such as parenchymal cells of various glands (hepatocytes)
permanent cells
Such as skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, nerve cells
excluding nerve fibers
tissue regeneration mechanism
epithelial tissue
covering epithelium
It is caused by the division and proliferation of basal layer cells at the base of the wound, and the differentiation and proliferation of tissue stem cells.
glandular epithelium
Depends on whether the glandular basement membrane is destroyed
liver regeneration
full regeneration
partial resection
Partial necrosis, but the liver lobular mesh scaffold is intact
incomplete regeneration
The mesh scaffold collapses and the mesh fibers turn into collagen fibers
Formation of disordered liver cell clusters
fibrous tissue
Fibroblasts transition from quiescent fiber cells or differentiate from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
cartilage tissue and bone tissue
Cartilage originates from the regeneration of the perichondrium, and its regeneration ability is slightly weaker
Strong bone tissue regeneration ability
Blood vessel
capillaries
Completed by sprouting, also known as vascularization
process
Basement membrane dissolution
cell movement and chemotaxis
cell proliferation
Cell lumen formation, maturation and growth inhibition
increased intercellular permeability
Repair of large blood vessels
Surgical anastomosis is required after separation
The intima can be completely regenerated
The muscle layer is not easy to regenerate and often scar repair (connective tissue connection)
muscle tissue
skeletal muscle
The muscle membrane can be completely regenerated if it continues, otherwise the scar at the separation point will be repaired
myocardium
Only scar repair
smooth muscle
In good condition, it can be completely repaired
nervous tissue
Nerve cells cannot regenerate after destruction
Nerve fibers can
Amputation or the severed end is too far and cannot be connected, resulting in traumatic neuroma and intractable pain.
fibrous repair
granulation tissue
Element
New thin-walled capillaries
proliferating fibroblasts
Some of these cells contain myofilaments and are similar to SMC, and are called myofibroblasts.
Inflammatory cell infiltration
Early neutrophils, mainly macrophages after 3 days
form
Bright red, granular (new capillary network loop-like bending), soft and moist, similar to fresh granulation
effect
Anti-infection and wound protection
Fill wounds and other tissue defects
Organized or wrapped necrosis, thrombus and other foreign bodies
ending
Matures into fibrous connective tissue and gradually ages into scar tissue
Performance
Interstitial water absorption gradually decreases
Inflammatory cells decrease and disappear
Most of the capillaries disappeared, and a few were transformed into small arteries and veins.
Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers, become fibroblasts, and undergo hyaline degeneration
scar tissue
concept
Fibrous connective tissue formed by the remodeling and maturation of granulation tissue
Influence
benefit
Keep organs intact
Keeps organs strong (more resistant to tension than granulation tissue)
harm
scar shrinkage
Causes limited joint contraction or pyloric obstruction
scarring adhesions
hardening of organs
Excessive scar tissue proliferation
Not good-looking
wound healing
skin
basic process
Early changes in wounds
Local redness and swelling, exudate forming scab
Wound shrinkage
Can reduce wounds
It is caused by the traction of myofibroblasts around the wound
Granulation tissue proliferation and scarring
Provide nutrients and growth factors for epithelial regeneration
Regeneration of epidermis and other tissues
type
primary healing
Not too serious, easy to heal
Peak tensile strength is 90 days
secondary healing
Excessive necrotic tissue, infection, local degeneration and necrosis, inflammatory reaction
The wound is large, the wound shrinks significantly, and more granulation tissue grows
Healing takes longer and scars are larger
bone
Hematoma formation
Periosteal bleeding and coagulation to form hematoma
fibrous callus formation
The hematoma is replaced by granulation tissue and then hyaline cartilage
bony callus formation
Osteoblasts differentiate into fibrous callus or directly chondrify bone
Callus reconstruction or reshaping
The woven bone formed by bony callus is not strong enough and is transformed into lamellar bone.
for complete regeneration
Facilitating factors
vitC
Zn