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perception
Psychological perception, perception is generated on the basis of sensation. It is the response of the human brain to the objective things and overall attributes that directly act on the sensory organs. The introduction is detailed, students in need can save it.
Edited at 2024-11-28 23:27:17- È sufficiente leggere in questo modo Capitolo 5 Creazione di tre dimensioni della capacità di apprendimento
Questo è il capitolo 5 del libro dell'insegnante Zhao Zhou "Questo è abbastanza da leggere", che parla principalmente di questi aspetti: ① L'importanza dell'abilità di apprendimento ② Come aggiungere contesto alle informazioni ③ Come distinguere la conoscenza e le informazioni Non mi affretta a mettere in discussione e sfidare ⑤Come usare note appiccicose per aggiornare la capacità di apprendimento ⑥ Perché inseguire i "merci secche" uno pseudo-apprendimento?
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- DeepSeek 30 Istruzioni di alimentazione
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perception
- È sufficiente leggere in questo modo Capitolo 5 Creazione di tre dimensioni della capacità di apprendimento
Questo è il capitolo 5 del libro dell'insegnante Zhao Zhou "Questo è abbastanza da leggere", che parla principalmente di questi aspetti: ① L'importanza dell'abilità di apprendimento ② Come aggiungere contesto alle informazioni ③ Come distinguere la conoscenza e le informazioni Non mi affretta a mettere in discussione e sfidare ⑤Come usare note appiccicose per aggiornare la capacità di apprendimento ⑥ Perché inseguire i "merci secche" uno pseudo-apprendimento?
- Collezione dell'utente di DeepSeek
Per aiutare tutti a usare DeepSeek in modo più efficiente, è stata compilata una raccolta di Map Mind Mind Guide DeepSeek! Questa mappa mentale riassume il contenuto principale: collegamenti correlati a Yitu, analisi del profilo DS, confronto tra rotte tecnologiche DeepSeek e Chatgpt, Guida di distribuzione del modello DeepSeek e Qwen, come fare più soldi con DeepSeek, come giocare a DeepSeek, DeepSeek Scientific Research Application Aspetta, permettendoti di cogliere rapidamente l'essenza dell'interazione AI. Che si tratti di creazione di contenuti, pianificazione del piano, generazione di codice o miglioramento dell'apprendimento, DeepSeek può aiutarti a ottenere il doppio del risultato con metà dello sforzo!
- DeepSeek 30 Istruzioni di alimentazione
Questa è una mappa mentale sulle 30 istruzioni a livello di alimentazione di DeepSeek.
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perception
concept of perception
Perception is generated on the basis of sensation. It is the response of the human brain to the objective things and overall attributes that directly act on the sensory organs.
perceptual process
perceive, distinguish, confirm
Bottom-up and top-down processing in perception
Bottom-up processing is also called data-driven processing
It is the characteristic processing of stimuli that directly act on the senses.
Top-down processing is also called concept-driven processing
The processing of information already stored in the mind by the perceptual system
The relationship between top-down processing and top-down processing
Two types of processing in different directions are combined to form a unified perceptual process. Under good perceptual conditions, bottom-up processing is mainly used. As conditions worsen, more and more top-down processes are involved. In the early stages of perception, bottom-up processing plays a major role. In the post-primary stage of perception, top-down processing plays a major role. effect
basic characteristics of perception
Perceptual selectivity
The property of preferentially distinguishing the object of perception from the background
Factors affecting perceptual selection
objective factors
Effect of absolute intensity of stimulus
the difference between object and background,
object activity
Novelty and Strangeness of Stimuli
Subjective factors
Does perception have a purpose and task?
Extensive knowledge and experience
Personal feelings, motivations, interests, hobbies, stereotypes and emotional states
the wholeness of perception
The human perceptual system integrates the individual attributes and individual parts of objective things that directly act on the senses into a unified whole.
I just feel that this kind of integration is inseparable from the characteristics of the individual components that make up the whole, and our perception of individual components depends on the overall characteristics of the thing.
overall priority
People perceive the whole better than individual components
Global level processing is better than local level processing
Influencing factors
Characteristics of perceptual objects
The intensity relationship between the components of an object
The structural relationship between the parts of the perceptual object also affects the integrity of the perception
The integrity of perception depends on the subjective state of the perceiver, the most important of which is knowledge and experience. When the information provided by the perceptual object is insufficient, the perceiver always supplements the current perception with past knowledge and experience.
perceptual intelligibility
Based on knowledge and experience, people process sensory things, summarize them with words, and give explanations.
Understanding the three important functions of perception
Comprehension helps separate objects from background, making perception clearer and more accurate
Understand, help people perceive things as a whole
Understanding also produces perceptions, expectations and predictions
perceptual constancy
The objective things themselves remain unchanged. When the perceptual conditions change within a certain range, the human perceptual image remains relatively unchanged.
Types of constancy
shape constancy
size constancy
lightness constancy
color constancy
types of perception
According to the characteristics of the senses dominant at the time of perception
visual perception
hearing perception
olfactory perception
taste perception
touch perception
Depending on the nature of the perceived object
object perception
social perception
According to the characteristics of things recognized by the human brain
spatial perception
shape perception
feature bundling problem
How does the human brain unite different features?
In feature integration, attention plays a very important role
size perception
The size of the retinal image is subject to the law of geometric projection. The same thing at a far distance will be imaged on the retina at a small distance, and the same thing at a close distance will be imaged at a larger size on the retina.
The size of the retinal image is directly proportional to the size of the object and inversely proportional to the distance
a＝A/D
A refers to the size of the retinal image. a refers to the size of the object. d refers to the distance between the perceived object and the eye.
depth perception
Muscle cues, also called physiological cues
adjust
The shape of the lens changes due to distance
convergence
The eye's visual axis converges on the object being looked at as the distance changes
monocular cues
Objects overlap, also called occlusion
line perspective
Two parallel lines extending into the distance appear to be approaching each other
relative height
Texture gradient, also called structural gradient
The projection size and projection density of objects in the visual field on the retina change in layers
Motion Parallax and Motion Perspective
motion parallax
When an observer moves relative to objects in the surrounding environment, objects at different distances will have differences in movement speed and direction. Generally speaking, nearby objects appear to be moving in the fastest direction, while distant objects appear to be moving slower and in the same direction.
motion perspective
When the observer moves forward, the scenery in the field of view will also continue to move. Nearby objects flow at a high speed, while distant objects flow at a slow speed.
Binocular cues are also called binocular disparity
People's perception of the distance and depth of objects mainly depends on the clues provided by the eyes.
When the line of sight falls on a non-corresponding part of the retina, and the difference is not significant, depth and distance will still be seen.
The three-dimensional movies we see in the cinema are made based on this principle.
Binocular cues play a greater role in judging depth and distance than monocular cues
Orientation perception
Perception of the spatial relationship position of objects and the spatial position of the body itself
time perception
We perceive the continuity and sequence of objective things or events
temporal perception
Able to distinguish the sequence of events
time distance perception
Ability to estimate the duration of an event
empty time interval
The start and end time of an event
real time distance
A certain time interval contains a continuous event
Time point intuition is also called confirmation of time
The specific time when an event occurred
Influencing factors
The nature of the sensory channels. In terms of the accuracy of judging time, hearing is the best, touch is second, and vision is poor.
The number and nature of events occurring within a certain period of time
people's interests and emotions
motion perception
Human perception of spatial displacement and motion characteristics of objects
kinesthetic perception
Perception caused by the continuous displacement of an object from one place to another at a specific speed or acceleration
kinesthetic perception
Seeing motion between stationary objects or seeing continuous motion where there is no continuous displacement
Dynamic movement is also called optimal movement or phi movement
When two stimuli are presented one after another at a certain spatial interval, we see the continuous movement of one stimulus towards the other, such as movies, TV, and event commercials.
induced movement
Due to the movement of one object, an adjacent stationary object moves
Voluntary movement is also called swimming effect
When the human eye stares at a fixed dot for a long time, it is found that the light point moves erratically
exercise aftereffects
After looking at an object moving in a certain direction, if you turn your gaze to a stationary object, you will see that the stationary object seems to be moving in the opposite direction.
organizing principle of perception
proximity principle
People tend to perceive stimuli that are adjacent or similar in time or space as a whole in the visual field. This is because when the discriminative characteristics between stimuli are not obvious, people often rely on existing knowledge in the perception process. Experience seeks relationships between stimuli to gain logical or meaningful knowledge and experience
similarity principle
People tend to group stimuli with the same or similar physical properties such as size, shape, color, brightness, etc. together to form a whole
principle of continuity
There is no continuous relationship between perceptual objects and the tendency to be viewed as a whole
closure principle
Tends to aggregate features in graphic stimuli into a continuous and complete shape, even if there are gaps in the process.
good graphics principles
Simple rules of left and right, symmetrical graphics are easily perceived as a whole
Same domain principle
Ren Qingxiang combines stimuli from the same zone or area to form a complete shape
illusion
Illusions of size, shape and direction, sometimes collectively called geometric illusions
As long as the conditions that produce the illusion exist, the illusion will occur and cannot be corrected through subjective efforts. There is no individual difference in the illusion.
size illusion
Müller-Leye illusion also called arrow illusion
The Panzo illusion is also called the railroad track illusion.
vertical horizontal illusion
Jastrow's illusion
Dolboyev illusion
moon illusion
Shape and Orientation Illusions
Zolla Illusion
Wundt illusion
Einstein illusion
Boggendorff illusion
Spiral and motion illusion
spiral illusion
motion illusion
The light-dark illusion is also called the Hermann grid or the grid illusion.
Grider's Spark Illusion