Dissolving medium

Present in greater amount

Substance being dissolved

Present in lesser amount

Generally increases with temperature

Affects solids and liquids less than gases

Polar and nonpolar interactions

Moles of solute per liter of solution

Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Mass of solute per 100 units of solution

Volume of solute per 100 units of solution

Dilution equations

Mixing solutions

Higher boiling point than pure solvent

Lower freezing point than pure solvent

Pressure required to prevent solvent flow

Decrease in vapor pressure of solvent

Ionic compounds

Strong acids and bases

Molecular compounds

Weak acids and bases

Acids produce H+ ions

Bases produce OH ions

Acids donate H+ ions

Bases accept H+ ions

Ranges from 0 to 14

Neutral at 7

Acidic below 7

Basic above 7

Solid particles in liquid

Liquid particles in solid

Liquid particles in liquid

Gas particles in liquid or solid

Drug delivery

Chemical processes

Water purification

Preservatives and flavoring