vein

This is a mind map about veins. The main content includes: veins in the systemic circulation and veins in the pulmonary circulation (two on the left and right). The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to those who are interested!

Edited at 2024-12-12 13:13:29

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vein

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Outline

vein

Veins of pulmonary circulation (two on each side)

Left superior and left inferior pulmonary veins

Right upper and right lower pulmonary veins

systemic veins

Superior vena cava system (composed of the superior vena cava and its branches)

head and neck veins

Facial vein (from medial canthal vein): communicates with cavernous sinus, no venous valve, dangerous triangle

Retromandibular vein: formed by the union of the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein in the parotid gland

External jugular vein: formed by the confluence of the mandibular angles, descends along the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and empties into the subclavian vein or venous angle.

Internal jugular vein: descends along the internal carotid artery and is located deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Subclavian vein: The junction with the internal jugular vein is called the venous angle

anterior jugular vein

Upper limb veins

Cephalic vein: originates from the radial side of the dorsal venous network of the hand and empties into the axillary vein or subclavian vein

Basilic vein: originates from the ulnar side of the dorsal vein network of the hand and empties into the axillary vein or brachial vein

Median cubital vein: connects the cephalic vein and basilic vein

Chest veins

Brachiocephalic vein: The internal jugular vein and subclavian vein join together, and the left and right brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava.

Superior vena cava: Formed by the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, it descends on the right side of the ascending aorta and empties into the right atrium.

Azygos vein (right side of spine): originates from the right ascending lumbar vein, ascends along the back of the esophagus and the right side of the thoracic aorta, and empties into the superior vena cava

Accessory hemiazygos vein (upper left part of spine): empties into the azygos vein or hemiazygos vein

Hemizygos vein (lower left part of spine): originates from the left ascending lumbar vein and empties into the azygos vein

Inferior vena cava system (composed of the inferior vena cava and its branches)

Lower limb veins

Superficial veins of lower limbs

Great saphenous vein: originates from the dorsal venous arch of the foot, passes through the medial condyle, along the medial surface of the calf, penetrates the saphenous vein hole, and empties into the femoral vein.

Small saphenous vein: originates from the dorsal venous arch of the foot, passes through the lateral condyle, ascends along the back of the calf, and empties into the popliteal vein

deep veins of lower limbs

Popliteal vein: formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins

Femoral vein: The popliteal vein penetrates the hiatus of the adductor tendon and is formed by migration.

abdominal and pelvic veins

Common iliac vein: formed by the union of the external iliac vein and the internal iliac vein

External iliac vein: The popliteal vein continues behind the inguinal ligament

internal iliac vein

Inferior vena cava (injects into the right atrium): The left and right common iliac veins join together at the right front of L4 or L5, and go up along the right side of the abdominal aorta and the right front of the spine.

Wall branches: one pair of inferior phrenic veins and four pairs of ascending lumbar veins

visceral branch

Testicular (ovarian) vein: The left side is injected into the left renal vein at a right angle, and the right side is injected into the inferior vena cava at an acute angle (so varicocele is prone to occur on the left side)

Adrenal vein: drains into the left renal vein on the left side and into the inferior vena cava on the right side

Renal vein: merges into one trunk at the renal hilum and empties into the inferior vena cava

hepatic vein

The hepatic portal vein system (which collects venous blood from unpaired organs in the abdominal cavity except the liver, the pelvic digestive tract, as well as the spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder) is connected to capillaries at its beginning and end

Hepatic portal vein: It consists of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein, which merge behind the pancreatic neck and finally empty into the hepatic sinusoids.

Branches of the hepatic portal vein: superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein, left gastric vein, right gastric vein, gallbladder vein and accessory umbilical vein

The communication route between the hepatic portal vein system and the superior and inferior vena cava p224

Cardiovenous system (see heart)