If you have never been pregnant before and have not become pregnant without taking any contraceptive measures, you are classified as primary infertility;

If you have been pregnant in the past but did not take any contraceptive measures and have not been pregnant for 1 consecutive year, it is classified as secondary infertility.

Pelvic factors are the main cause of female infertility in my country, especially secondary infertility, accounting for 35% of all infertility factors.

•Congenital malformations of the reproductive system: including agenesis of Müller's duct;

•Cervical factors: including cervical insufficiency, other cervical lesions, etc.;

• Fallopian tube and surrounding lesions: including fallopian tube obstruction, peri-fallopian tube adhesions, hydrosalpinx, pelvic adhesions, etc.;

•Endometriosis.

Ovulation disorders account for 25% to 35% of female infertility cases.

Common causes include:

Replenish

It mainly includes male sexual dysfunction and semen abnormalities. Common causes of semen abnormalities are as follows.

congenital anomalies

•Disease-related endocrine abnormalities, including hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadism, etc.;

•Exposure to toxic and harmful environments and recent high fever;

•Obseness, excessive drinking, smoking, drug abuse, substance abuse and other unhealthy lifestyles;

•Sexual intercourse dysfunction and ejaculation dysfunction: Inability or insufficient erection, non-ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, etc. caused by various organic or psychological reasons.

•Injury to testicles and vas deferens caused by surgery or drugs;

•Varicocele causes local temperature increase in the scrotum, affecting semen quality;

•Urinary system infections such as epididymitis, prostatitis, and seminal vesiculitis;

This is a state of low fertility, and factors for both men and women cannot be ruled out. It accounts for 10%-20% of infertile people.

Patients may have irregular menstrual cycles, oligomenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, scanty menstruation, or even amenorrhea.

Abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain; hirsutism, acne; breast milk secretion; rapid weight change in a short period of time.

Patients may have erectile dysfunction, abnormal ejaculation, scrotal swelling and pain, No beard, Adam's apple, undeveloped penis and other symptoms of loss of male sexual characteristics.

What physical examinations should be done for infertility?

Auxiliary inspection

What physical examinations should be done for infertility?

Auxiliary inspection

selective inspection

reproductive system ultrasound

post orgasm urine test

Seminal plasma antisperm test

Imaging examination of the hypothalamus-pituitary region

genetic testing

Diagnostic testicular biopsy: suitable for patients with azoospermia to evaluate the spermatogenic function of the testicles and assist in determining the cause of azoospermia.

Patients with ovulation disorders are treated with medication to induce ovulation.

Young women with good ovarian function can expect treatment, but generally try to conceive for no more than 3 years; For patients over 30 years old and whose ovarian reserve has begun to decline, it is recommended to try 3 to 6 cycles. Intrauterine artificial insemination with husband's sperm is used as a diagnostic treatment. If pregnancy still fails, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer can be considered.

For patients with clear causes, specific treatments can be used and are highly targeted. Such as gonadotropin treatment of hypogonadism.

The cause, pathology, and pathogenesis have not yet been elucidated, and treatment measures only address part of the pathogenesis. If there is infection and infertility, use acyclovir as an antiviral or azithromycin as an antimycoplasma treatment; immune infertility should be treated with glucocorticoids.

Since the cause is unknown, empirical treatment and traditional Chinese medicine treatment are used, such as idiopathic oligozoospermia.

Also known as "assisted reproductive technology". Using medical technology and methods to perform manual operations on human sperm, eggs, fertilized eggs or embryos, Technology that enables infertile couples to achieve pregnancy. Including artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer technology and its various derivative technologies.

Refers to a method of artificially injecting semen or sperm suspension separated from the body into the female reproductive tract to induce pregnancy. According to the different sources of semen, it is divided into artificial insemination with husband's semen (AIH) and artificial insemination with donor semen (AID).

•Artificial insemination with husband’s sperm (AIH)

•Artificial insemination with sperm (AID)

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology