Geographical location: Located in the two oceans, three continents and five seas, the Nile River runs through and across Asia and Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east. To the south of Cairo is Upper Egypt and to the north is Lower Egypt.

Climate: Warm winter, hot summer, drought and rainy all year round, more than 96% of the country's land is desert, only 2.48% of arable land, rich sand and gravel resources, sparse forests, strong sunshine, and large temperature difference.

Religion: To explain the world through religion, the pharaoh’s task was to maintain order, truth and fairness. The ancient Egyptians lived on the east bank of the Nile River, while the pyramids were built on the west bank.

Vegetation: Plant fruits and vegetables, and carefully arrange the irrigation system.

Palace Garden: refers to a garden-shaped palace built for Egyptian pharaohs to rest and entertain. It is surrounded by high walls. The palace is divided by walls, forming several small courtyards, forming a central axis-symmetrical pattern; Thebes Pharaoh Palace Garden wait

Holy Garden: refers to a garden-like temple built for Egyptian pharaohs to worship the gods of heaven and earth. The surroundings are dense woods to set off the sacred and mysterious colors; the Temple of Deli El Bahari, etc.

Mausoleum Garden: refers to a cemetery built to bury Egyptian pharaohs to enjoy the blessings of the fairyland of heaven; Khufu pyramid cemetery, etc.

The noble garden: refers to the garden connected to the mansion built by ancient Egyptian princes and nobles to meet their luxurious living needs; the garden of the nobles of Thebes ministers, etc.

Location: Ancient Egypt was located in the desert with aridity and less rain. It used gardens to improve the microclimate. The gardens were mostly arranged along the Nile River for drinking water and irrigation;

Garden layout: a stern and symmetrical layout, showing a square or rectangular shape, with a tall and thick wall. The tower door at the entrance forms an obvious central axis with the residence, and pools and pavilions are symmetrically arranged along the central axis;

Gardening elements: thick walls, entrance tower gates, symmetrically arranged pools, and spaces separated by plants. The plants are all determinantly planted, including grapes, figs, etc.; they have a strong artificial atmosphere;

Influencing factors: religious theology of the unity of the king and god, advances in agriculture and measurement technology, pursuit of eternal life (cemetery or temple).

Combining site selection with natural environment: Garden site selection should make full use of terrain and water sources to adapt to climate characteristics.

The promotion of science and technology and productivity: Science and technology and productivity are the material basis for garden development, and technological progress has an important impact on garden layout and design.

The influence of religion and power: Gardens are not only practical places, but also a carrier of spiritual sustenance and symbol of power.

Multiple functions of gardens: Garden design should take into account both practical functions and spiritual needs, reflecting multifunctionality.