MindMap Gallery N-choline receptor blocker
Exploring the mystery of neurologic regulation: the diverse application of Ncholine receptor blockers Ncholine receptor blockers play an important role in medicine, mainly divided into N1R blockers (ganglion blockers) and N2R blockers (skeletal muscle relaxants). N2R blockers achieve skeletal muscle relaxation by blocking the transmission of impulsiveness at the neuromuscular junction. Commonly used preparations such as tunciine and succinylcholine have unique effects. Although N1R blockers such as mifen and megamin have significant antihypertensive effects, they are only used for acute hypertensive crisis due to many adverse reactions. These drugs have significant effects in improving heart function and eliminating pulmonary edema, but side effects such as orthostatic hypotension and urinary retention should be paid attention to. Rational application can provide effective solutions for complex diseases.
Edited at 2025-03-10 15:18:01Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
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Chapter 9. N-choline receptor blocking drugs
N1-R blocking drug
Gangular blocking drugs
Domination is the main
Sympathetic N
Arterioles
Block-expansion, peripheral resistance↓
Small vein
Block-Discal, return to heart blood↓→cardiac output↓
BP↓↓
Parasympathetic N
heart
Block - Heart rate ↑ (mainly blocking the effect of vagus N)
Gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Tension↓, squirming↓, constipation
bladder
Detrusor muscle relaxation → Urinary retention
pupil
Expand and regulate paralysis
Glands
Secretion ↓, sweat less
application
Too many adverse reactions → Sometimes used in patients with acute hypertensive encephalopathy and hypertensive crisis where other antihypertensive drugs are ineffective
Improve cardiac function and eliminate symptoms of pulmonary edema
Adverse reactions
Orthostatic hypotension (the effect of lowering blood pressure is too obvious), urinary retention, constipation, etc.
Commonly used preparations
Megamin
Mifen
Fast-acting, short-acting ganglion blocking drugs
Easy to adjust at any time → Commonly used
N2-R blocking drugs
That is, skeletal muscle relaxant (N2-R is located in the end plate membrane of the exercise terminal)
After the drug binds to the receptor, the normal transmission of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junctions will lead to skeletal muscle relaxation
Classification
Depolarized
Over-activate N2 receptors, causing the end plate membrane and adjacent myocyte membrane to last for a long time, leaving skeletal muscle in a refractory state
Two phases
Lasting depolarized phase
Desensitization block phase
Functional characteristics
Common short muscle bundle fibrillation after medication
Continuous medication can produce rapid tolerance
Anticholinesterase drugs not only cannot antagonize the muscle relaxation effect of this drug, but can instead enhance muscle relaxation.
In excess, you cannot use the Neustravich to rescue
Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitor
The therapeutic dose has no ganglion blocking effect, but it has an excitatory effect.
e.g.Succinylcholine (Scorin)
application
Endtracheal intubation, tracheoscopy, esophageal and gastroscopy (reflective contraction of smooth muscle during intubation)
Adverse reactions
Muscle pain
Increased blood potassium
Contraindicated for patients with burns, extensive soft tissue damage, hemiplegia, cerebrovascular accidents and renal insufficiency, accompanied by hyperkalemia
Contraindicated patients with glaucoma and cataract crystal removal
During the operation, muscles tremble instantly, "squeeze" the contents of the eye from the incision
Co-administering aminoglycoside/peptide antibiotics (blocking N2 receptors) can lead to increased muscle relaxation
Contraindicated in patients with genetic plasma AchE activity deficits, severe liver dysfunction, malnutrition and electrolyte disorders
Non-depolarized
Also known as competitive muscle relaxation medicine
Compete with Ach for N2 receptors
Functional characteristics
No excitation before skeletal muscle relaxation → no muscle strand tremor
Its effect can be enhanced by similar muscle relaxants
Inhaled general anesthetics and amino antibiotics can enhance and prolong their effects
Anti-AchE neosmine can fight its muscle relaxation effect
It has different degrees of ganglion blocking and histamine release
e.g.Dujicinine
application
Mainly used with general anesthesia to obtain satisfactory muscle relaxation for easy surgery
Contraindications
Myasthenia gravis
Treatment with neostigmine
asthma
Severe shock
Is there no drug that directly reduces N2R activity?