MindMap Gallery Pharmacology-M receptor blocking drugs
This is a mind map about Chapter 8. M receptor blocking drugs, and the main contents include: atropine, a drug similar to atropine, and M-R synthetic blocking drugs.
Edited at 2025-03-10 15:16:58Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
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Chapter 8. M receptor blocking drugs
atropine
Racesyxopoline extracted from the Solanaceae plants such as Belladona, Mandala or Sypol, etc.
Mechanism of action: Competitive antagonism of ACh or other M choline receptor agonists on M receptors
effect
Inhibit gland secretion
Sweat and salivary glands
Diffusing pupils
Causes increased intraocular pressure and difficulty in myopia (thinning of lens)
Relax the visceral smooth muscles
Slower gastrointestinal peristalsis
Urine is easy to retention and difficulty urinating
The main functions of therapeutic dose
Relieve vagus N inhibition on the heart
Related to dosage
Treatment dosage
Heart rate slowing - caused by inhibition of presynaptic receptors
Large doses
Accelerate heart rate
The acceleration depends on the degree of inhibition of the heart by vagus N
mechanism
M receptor blocking sinus node
Promote the transmission between the atrioventricular
Dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation
Blood vessels are mainly innervated by norepinephrine nerves, so Ach generally has no obvious effect on blood vessels.
Atropine vascularization has nothing to do with blocking M receptors
Direct vascular dilation
Compensatory vascular diffusion after body temperature↑
However, when the dose of atropine is large, it can dilate blood vessels
The most obvious vasculature of the skin on the face and neck - redness on the face and neck
In pathological states, large doses of atropine can dilate spasm small blood vessels → restore organ blood supply
Central excitation effect
Common dosages
Mild excitement vagus N
Breathing deepens and speeds up
Moderate dose
Agitation
Toxic Dosage
Hallucination, motor disorder, central depression
application
Relieve smooth muscle spasms
Relieve gastrointestinal colic, bladder irritation symptoms, and pediatric enuresis
Inhibit gland secretion
Pre-general anesthesia (avoid the secretion of the tracheal glands after loss of consciousness, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and prevent inhaled pneumonia), auxiliary medicine for treating night sweats, salivation and ulcer diseases
Ophthalmology applications
Mainly used for iridocyclitis (using alternately with pupil-reducing drug 黄金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金金�
Anti-chronic arrhythmia
Used for sinus rhythm disorders, sinus atrial blocks, atrioventricular blocks
Anti-shock
Used for infectious toxic shock (mechanisms for dilating blood vessels and improving microcirculation)
Rescue organophosphate (inhibit AchE) poisoning and certain muscarinic (agonist M receptor) poisoning
Adverse reactions
All are related to M receptor blockade
Inhibiting glands
Dry mouth and tongue
Reduced sweating
Blur in vision (difficulty in myopia)
Heart palpitations
Dry and red skin
dizziness
Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation, sphincter contraction
Difficulty in urination
constipate
Contraindications
glaucoma
It is a disease caused by increased intraocular pressure
Reflux esophagitis
Pyloric obstruction
Prostate hypertrophy
It's difficult to urinate and defecate
Similar drugs to atropine
Cyperinine 654-2
Alkaloid originated from the plant cereal
Oral fat soluble, usually given intramuscular injection
effect
Basically consistent with atropine
main
The inhibitory effect on smooth muscle spasm and cardiovascular system is weaker than that of atropine
The effect on the eyes and glands is only 1/20-1/10 of atropine
Weak central excitation effect
Higher doses can relieve microvascular spasm and improve microcirculation
application
Treatment of septic shock
mechanism
Dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation
Protecting cells: Improve cells' tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia
Stabilize lysosomes (reduce shock factor release) and mitochondria.
Relieve gastrointestinal spasms
Treatment of vertigo, sudden deafness
Related to blockade of M receptors
Adverse reactions
Dry mouth, blurred vision, etc.
Contraindications
Glaucoma, etc.
Tonocyanine
L-alkali extracted from Solanaceae
Comparison with atropine
Strong effect of inhibiting gland secretion
Mydriasis and regulation of paralysis are rapid and disappear quickly
Strong role in inhibiting the central nervous system
Some patients showed central excitement
Treatment Dosage → Shock
Larger dose → Hypnosis
Large dose → anesthesia
Used to prevent motion sickness, tremor and paralysis, pregnancy and radioactive vomiting
M-R synthetic blocking drug
Synthetic pupil dilate
Atropine pupil dilation lasts for 7-10 days, too long, life is difficult
Postmatropin, tropicamide
Mydriasis and regulatory paralysis are faster than atropine, but have a shorter duration
Synthetic antispasmodic drugs
Atropine has too wide range of effects and many side effects
Bromopropylamine tylin (Prubenxin)
High selectivity for gastrointestinal M receptors
Mainly used to treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, stomach cramps, pregnancy vomiting, hyperhidrosis, etc.
Pilenzepine
Selectively block M1 receptors on gastric wall cells and inhibit gastric acid secretion
Treatment of gastric ulcers