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Qualitative Research Methodologies
This is a mind map of qualitative research methodologies. You can make and share your own mind maps easily. Just try EdrawMind mind mapping software for free! Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
Edited at 2021-10-01 14:03:20- Recommended to you
- Outline
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Definition
This section describes how participants (subjects) are selected and how data are collected, managed, and analyzed. The methods used to ensure rigor in qualitative research also are explored.
Selection of Participants
Subjects in qualitative studies are referred to as participants because the researcher and participants carry out the study cooperatively.
The researcher recruits participants because of their particular knowledge, experience, or views related to the study.
Researcher-Participant Relationships
Researcher-participant relationships in qualitative studies may be brief when data collection occurs once in an interview or focus group.
Phenomenology and grounded theory studies may involve one or two interviews.
Ethnographic studies require special attention to the researcher participant relationship.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Focus Groups
Focus groups are sometimes called group interviews.
Focus groups were designed to obtain the participants’ perceptions of a specific topic in a permissive and nonthreatening setting.
Focus groups are conducted by a moderator or facilitator, who may or may not be the researcher.
Observation
Observation is a fundamental method of gathering data for qualitative studies, especially ethnography studies.
The aim is to gather first-hand information in a naturally occurring situation.
In studies that use observation, notes taken during or shortly after observations are called field notes.
Another useful strategy is to videotape the events, so that careful observationsand detailed notes can be taken at a later time.
Text as a Source of Qualitative Data
In qualitative studies, text is considered a rich source of data.
DATA MANAGEMENT
Qualitative data analysis occurs concurrently with data collection rather than sequentially, as in quantitative research.
Organizing Data Files
Keeping track of connections between various bits of data requires meticulous record keeping and may be supported by using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) programs.
Transcribing Interviews
The most commonly used textual data in qualitative studies are transcripts of recorded interviews and focus groups.
Transcription is at the heart of the qualitative research process, because a verbatim transcript captures participants’ own words, language, and expressions” and allows the researcher to “decode behavior, processes, and cultural meanings attached to people’s perspectives”.
DATA ANALYSIS
Definition
Data analysis is a rigorous process. Because published qualitative studies may not contain the methodology in detail.
In grounded theory
the analysis begins with the first participant interview, so that ideas from that participant can be integrated into questions and probes in subsequent interviews.
In phenomenology
this immersion in the data is referred to as dwelling with the data. This phrase is used to indicate that the researcher spent considerable time reading and reflecting on the data.
Codes and Coding
Coding is the process of reading the data, breaking text down into subparts, and giving a label to that part of the text.
A code is a symbol or abbreviation used to classify words or phrases in the data.
Themes and Interpretation
Themes emerge as codes that are combined into more abstract phrases or terms.