Famous American sinologist and linguist

A leading figure in the study of the Tang Dynasty in the United States and even in the study of the Tang Dynasty in the entire West in the second half of the twentieth century.

When foreigners come to China, they can take imperial examinations, do business, become a monk, marry and have children, and even join the army and serve as officials.

If Chinese people want to go out, they will face more restrictions.

There are also some restrictions on foreigners in China

Horses are an indispensable strategic material in the military

The great martial arts of the Tang Dynasty were based on the developed horse industry of the Tang Dynasty.

Horses originating from China are relatively short in stature and have limited weight-bearing capacity.

Many large-scale introductions of horse breeds

Keep the prisoners of war and absorb them into their own nation

Chang'an: mainly Turks, Uighurs, Tocharians, and Sogdians

Guangzhou: mainly Linyi people, Javanese people, and Sinhalese people

Official: Set up a special system to manage immigrants, such as setting up "Sabao" as the entrusted manager

Folk: Curiosity, envy, ridicule and various mentalities coexist

The ancient Chinese did not use perfume. The word "perfume" was not mentioned until "Zhufan Zhi" in the Song Dynasty.

Incense has been used in large quantities in China since ancient times for various household purposes, such as incense, medicine, and book collection.

Chinese incense varieties are relatively limited, mainly orchid and cinnamon.

Tang Dynasty: The peak era of Chinese incense culture

Early medical thought basically revolved around the "Huangdi Neijing"

In the Tang Dynasty, foreign culture was introduced, and medicine also developed.

[Case 1] Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty used fried apple recipe from India

【Case 2】Deyaka

【Case 3】Ginseng

Chinese craftsmen focus mainly on bronzes and jades

Although gold has been widely used since the Xiantai period, the skills are not high, mainly gold nuggets, and the decorations are simple.

During the Tang Dynasty, under the influence of the Sasanian Dynasty of Persia, gold and silverware techniques were introduced to China and made great progress.

Gold does not rust → symbolizes immortality → creates associations and believes that taking it will make people immortal → the development of alchemy