Characteristics: Diverse and integrated, with a long history

Politically: primitive people to clan communes, abdication system Economically: low production levels, slash-and-burn farming, even distribution Culturally: the emergence of primitive religion and totem worship

Primitive village: The living form has evolved from cave dwelling, nest dwelling, semi-burrow dwelling to ground-building houses.

Hereditary instead of abdication, living together in a clan

Characteristics of Chinese civilization: originality, credibility, integrity, continuity

Oracle, internal and external uniforms (The Shang Dynasty already had relatively systematic state institutions and officials who were in charge of various internal and external services)

Politically: aristocratic hierarchical enfeoffment system, patriarchal system and ritual and music system, republican administration (841 BC), primitive democracy, isomorphism of family and state, close integration of theocratic, clan, and royal power Economically: well field system, bronzes (archaeologically found broken bronze models in bronze workshops), industrial and commercial food officials, shellfish as currency, records of loan disputes, and contracts. Social life: The city management system was formed (the emperor's royal city, the princes' capitals, the lords' fiefs), and nest dwellings and cave dwellings constituted the most popular types of Chinese residents. Ideologically: Superstition of ghosts and gods and primitive religious overtones, people-oriented thinking

Conflicts among nations: (Five hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period, three families divided into Jin, Tian clan replaced Qi, seven heroes in the Warring States period), the concept of Chinese identity emerged Economically: Agriculture [the promotion of iron-powered ox farming, the production model of men farming and women weaving, water conservancy project construction (Dujiangyan, Zhengguoqu, Shaopi)], handicrafts (iron smelting technology emerged, division of labor was refined, handicraft families, private and government-owned) workshops), commerce (the pattern of industrial, commercial and food officials was broken through, currency circulation, and money credit became common in the form of lending) Reform Movement: Shang Yang's Reform (The abolition of things was to reward military merit and attack the old nobility, so that the landlord class could gain political status. Fei Jingtian rewarded farming and weaving to promote the economic development of landlord land ownership. The implementation of restrictions and strengthening centralization reflected the will of the emerging landlord class.) Promoted social transformation and gradually established the political system of autocratic monarchy The official selection system and household registration management: the secular official system, the recommendation system and the military merit conferment system; during the Warring States Period, civilian households were organized and household registration was formulated. In 375 BC, Qin Yiwu arranged households

Culture in the pre-Qin period: Confucius: Governance based on virtue, benevolence, education without distinction (breaking the aristocratic class, monopolizing the cultural and educational situation, and promoting the development of private schools). Laozi: Tao is the origin of all things in the world (ancient simple materialism, ancient simple dialectics), governed by inaction. A hundred schools of thought contend: The old aristocratic hierarchy begins to collapse and a new class of taxis rises. The connotation and characteristics of China’s excellent traditional culture: people-oriented. Advocating the harmony between man and nature, the law of nature. Promote patriotism and pursue feelings of home and country. Advocating virtue and virtuous people and respecting the world as a common people. We advocate continuous self-improvement and virtue; locality, diversity, inclusiveness, cohesion and continuity.

Establish a centralized system (emperor system, three-gong and nine ministers system, prefecture-county system), consolidate unification (books with the same text, vehicles with the same track, unified currency weights and measures), promulgate laws, compile household registrations, move the nobles and powerful people from the six countries, and rectify social customs etc.), the postal system, the law as the teaching, and the officials as the teachers. Advocate for the rule of law. In terms of ethnic relations: attack the Xiongnu in the north and build the Great Wall, pacify the Yiyue in the south, and establish Nanhai County, Guilin County, Xiang County, etc. Establish Dianke and Dianguo officials to manage ethnic affairs Central vertical local management form, bureaucracy

Early Western Han Dynasty: The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system (the parallel system of prefectures, counties and enfeoffments), the rule of Wenjing (recuperation policy), and the kingdom issue (threat to centralization of power) The prosperity of the Western Han Dynasty: strengthening the centralization of power [politically: pushing favor orders, establishing the Sino-Korean system, establishing the imperial examination system, establishing governors, and appointing cruel officials to attack powerful knights. Economically: Reform the currency system and return the minting power to the central government. Yantie official camp. All lose evenly. Suppress businessmen. Ideologically: Set up a doctor of the Five Classics. Depose hundreds of schools of thought and only respect Confucianism. ] Border governance [set up Dahonglu. Make marriage and attack the Huns in the north. The Hexi Corridor consists of four counties in Hexi. Set up the Protectorate of the Western Regions. Zhang Qian was sent as an envoy to the Western Regions. ] In the Western Han Dynasty, Wuhuan Xiaowei was established garrison policy (setting up field officials) Official selection and supervision in the local system of the Han Dynasty: the two-level system of prefectures and counties in the Western Han Dynasty. Inspection and promotion system. Counting system. The governor system. The Han Dynasty compiled the "Nine Chapters", and the Qin and Han Dynasties issued legal notices called orders and annotated the laws with scriptures. Township system: There are three elders in the township, a stingy husband, an upright person, and a pavilion chief.

There is a three-level system of prefectures, prefectures and counties, with the chancellery and relatives involved in government affairs. The disaster of party imprisonment. Yellow Turban Rebellion

The economy, culture and foreign exchanges of the Qin and Han Dynasties: Economically: agriculture (Dujiangyan, Longshou Canal. Overturning occurred in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ma Jun innovated it) handicrafts (spinning wheels, jacquards, silk fabrics) and commerce (contracts). Currency Reform: Qin Dynasty, round square hole coins. In the Han Dynasty, five baht coins were used. The system of taxation and servitude: field tax, head tax, property tax, regular soldiers, regular soldiers, and garrison soldiers. All households have the same name Social relief: liquidation system, adjusting grain prices. social care Foreign exchanges: the Silk Road, Gan Ying's mission to the Qin Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced to China, Chinese characters were introduced to the Korean Peninsula (proverbs), Japan (pseudonyms), and Vietnam (Nan characters). Confucianism spread to East Asia and Southeast Asia Ideological education: respect for Confucianism, have a doctorate in the Five Classics, establish an Imperial College (Guozijian after the Jin Dynasty), and set up official schools in local areas. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" (general history in the form of biographies), Ban Gu's "Hanshu" (the first chronological history in the form of biographies), literature (Han Fu, Yuefu poems, five-character poems), science and technology ("Huangdi Neijing" in the Western Han Dynasty, "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" in the Eastern Han Dynasty) , Hua Tuo's "Ma Fei San Wu Qin Xi", Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", Cai Lun's "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic", Agricultural Science's "Fan Sheng Zhi Wei", Zhang Heng's "Ling Xian". "(astronomical))

The rise of the gentry. In terms of political system: Shangshutai was changed to Shangshuling, and together with Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province, three provinces were formed. Three-level system of prefectures, counties and counties. Nine-grade Zhongzheng system. The laws and regulations were transformed into Confucianism and the scriptures were used to annotate the laws. During the reign of Emperor Wei Ming, Dr. Lu was established. Household registration: Huang Jie and Bai Jie, Tu Duan Emperor Xiaowen's reforms: implemented the salary system, land equalization system, three-chief system, etc.; moved the capital to Luoyang, changed Han clothes, spoke Chinese, changed Han surnames, and introduced marriages [complied with the historical trend of exchanges and integration of ethnic groups in the north, alleviated ethnic conflicts and promoted The economic development and social prosperity of the Northern Wei Dynasty laid the foundation for the subsequent unification of the north and the south and the emergence of the Sui and Tang Dynasties]

Economy and life: Yongjia southward crossing, renting and modulation, the steel filling method appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Ma Jun transformed the cart, and the sagger (Southern Dynasties). Manor Economy (Wubao) Ideologically: Wei and Jin metaphysics, the development of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The struggle against Buddhism (the atheist thinker Fan Zhen in the Southern Dynasties, the three martial arts destroyed Buddhism). Literature and Art [(Jian'an Literature, Pastoral Poems, Parallel Prose of the Southern Dynasties, Folk Songs of the Southern and Northern Dynasties), Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, Gu Kaizhi's "Proverbs of Women" and "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu] Zu Chongzhi of the Southern Dynasty (calculating pi), Jia Sixie of the Northern Dynasty's "Essential Art of Qi Min", Pei Xiu of the Western Jin Dynasty "Regional Map of Yu Gong", Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty "Emergency Prescriptions" The Fa Xian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty traveled westward to Tianzhu

Great division of the country and great integration of nationalities

The imperial examination system (subject examinations, divided into institutional examinations and regular examinations), the Yushitai is the supervisory agency, the three provinces and six ministries system, and the state and county two-level system Transportation: Grand Canal Confucianists proposed that the three religions should be combined into Confucianism Da Suo Mao Yue Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty built warehouses to accumulate grain to prevent famines, and encouraged people to buy their own warehouses. Li Chun designs Zhaozhou Bridge

Ethnic relations: Strengthen the governance of Lingnan (canonize the wife of Qiaoguo), strengthen contact with Ryukyu

Official management and supervision: based on moral character and talent. Daozhou and counties have a three-level system with Jiedushi. Law: "Tang Code", "Datang Six Codes", "Datang Kaiyuan Rites" Grassroots governance: One hundred households constitute a li, and five li constitute a township. Set up squares in the city and villages in the suburbs. Set up the right square, the right square, and the right village. Neighbor protection system. Household registration is issued every three years The social relief government has specialized institutions for shelter, such as nursing homes Economically: the emergence of barrel trucks. Credit business appeared in business, and "flying money" similar to modern money orders appeared. In terms of transportation, the Tang Dynasty Road was centered on Chang'an and radiated to all directions. Taxation: Rent and Yong modulation, two tax law

Ideology, culture and foreign exchanges: The Tang Dynasty pursued the policy of paralleling three religions, and Zen became the mainstream. Han Yu advocated the Confucian revival movement. Literature is mainly poetry. Yan Jin Liugu is represented in calligraphy, Wu Daozi is represented in painting, engraving and printing, gunpowder manufacturing (used in warfare in the late Tang Dynasty), the astronomer Monk and his party measured the length of the earth's meridian, Sun Simiao's "A Thousand Gold Prescriptions", Tang Gaozong's "Tang Materia Medica" Xuanzang traveled to the west, Jianzhen traveled to the east, Kukai came to Chang'an, Korea and Japan used Confucian classics as textbooks, Japan's reform was based on the Tang system, and papermaking was spread to the west.

In terms of ethnic relations: the Ministry of Rites of Shangshu Province and Honglu Temple are responsible. The main frontier areas are Daduhufu, Dudufu, and Jisi Prefecture. The governor of the Dudu Mansion and the governor of Jisi Prefecture were served by leaders of various ethnic groups. Anbei Shanyu Duhufu was established in the north, and Andong Duhufu was established in the east. The Anbeiting Protectorate was established in the northwest Ethnic governance: All ethnic groups in the grasslands jointly respected Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty as the Heavenly Khan. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty united with Huihe to destroy the Western Turks and established the Anxi Protectorate. Princess Wencheng married into Tubo. In the mid-9th century, Tubo and Tang formed an alliance. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the leader of Mohe was granted the title of Prince of Bohai County. King Nanzhao sent his children to the Tang Dynasty. The Anshi Rebellion, the separatist regimes of feudal lords and towns, and the conflicts between Niu and Li factions

In the late Tang Dynasty, eunuch dictatorship and crony warfare intensified. Huang Chao Uprising, Zhu Wen destroyed Tang Dynasty The Five Dynasties refers to the Yellow River Basin that has experienced the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Wu dynasties. Nine political regimes including Wu Yue, Southern Tang Dynasty and Northern Han Dynasty in Shanxi appeared successively in various places in the Ten Kingdoms. Chai Rong's reforms: laid the foundation for the later Northern Song Dynasty to end the split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Centralization measures: The administration is a three-level system of Luzhou (prefecture) and county, and the deputy prime minister is added to the political affairs office. There are various transportation departments in the finance department, and three departments are in charge of finance. The Military and Political Privy Council shares power with the three yamen. The Jianyuan of Jian Tea House and the Yushi Zhongcheng are in separate hands (Taijian is unified). Chongwen and suppress martial arts, advocate civilized governance Official selection: improve the imperial examination and select officials regardless of family background Legal enlightenment: Based on Tang law, the "Lü Family Covenant", internal relief within the clan, and the establishment of family property such as Yitian Yixue. Border pressure and financial crisis: The Liao Dynasty occupied the sixteen states of Yanyun and sent Liao Sui coins every year. It is given every year in the Song and Western Xia Dynasties. The financial burden of raising soldiers and Yangguan has increased Wang Anshi's Reform: (Qingli New Deal), the basic principle is to enrich the country and strengthen the army. Conscription replaced military recruitment. Green seedling method. Protection method. recruitment law The shame of Jingkang, the partial peace in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Shaoxing Contract, and the official dispatch system

Economically: Agriculture: rice and wheat multiple cropping system, cotton cultivation. Handicraft industry: five famous kilns, coal smelting, movable type printing, paper industry development. Commercially: business. Paper money was exchanged and exchanged, contracts were widely used, and overseas trade was prosperous. With the development of market towns, water transportation and maritime transportation in the Six Dynasties led to the rise of many industrial and commercial market towns. Economic center of gravity shifts south Household registration: divided into principal household and customer Social changes: The concept of family status has weakened, social membership has become more equal, and the state’s control over society has been relatively relaxed.

Ideology and Culture: Confucian Revival Movement. Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism (preserving natural principles and destroying human desires. Studying things to achieve knowledge) developed Song poetry, scripts, calligraphy, and painting. The Four Great Inventions Spread to the West. Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan", Guo Shoujing's "Scheduling Calendar", Wang Zhen's "Nongshu"

Liao: Yelu Abaoji founded the country and made its capital Beijing. There was an official system in the north and south, and the court changed with the seasons and moved regularly. Khitan large and small characters Xixia: Yuan Hao founded the country and made Xingqing Mansion its capital Jin Kingdom: Wanyan Aguda founded the country and settled in Duning Prefecture. In terms of management, Meng'an sought restraint, and Jin Shizong called it the rule of Dading. Jurchen writing

Temujin established the Mongol Khanate in 1206 In 1271, Kublai Khan named his country Dayuan and made its capital Dadu. In 1279, he defeated Yubu of the Southern Song Dynasty in the Yashan Sea and completed the unification.

Central Provincial Prime Minister National Administration. A multi-level administrative system of provinces, prefectures, prefectures and counties has been formed locally. (The beginning of the provincial system in my country) The imperial examination system was restored in 1314, but it was still intermittent. The Central Supervision Bureau has a Censor's Office, the local government has a Censor's Office, and the Office of Integrity and Integrity Visits. Border governance: Tubo established the Xuanzheng Yuan, the Western Regions established the Xuanwei Department of Marshal Beiting's Mansion, etc., and Taiwan established the Penghu Inspection Department. The Hui nationality was formed, all ethnic groups merged, and the four-class system Mongolia formed the Uighur style Mongolian script. Kublai Khan sent Pasiba to reform the Tibetan alphabet (the earliest attempt at pinyinization of Chinese)

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and the country of Yingying Tianfu was named Daming. The prime minister was abolished and a cabinet was established. In the later period, the eunuchs had exclusive power. The Zhongshu Province was abolished, and power was divided between the Chief Envoys Division, the Inspection Envoys Division, and the General Command Envoys Division. Send governors to various provinces Official assessment consists of examination and inspection. The Supervisory Office manages supervision. The six subjects were responsible for the memorial. "Da Ming Law" is a compilation of laws and regulations, and a confluence of rules and regulations. Zhu Yuanzhang's Six Edicts The household registration book is called the Yellow Book. It inherits the Yuan Dynasty's practice of determining household registration by occupation. The Lijia system is implemented at the grassroots level. Wang Shouren promotes the Ten Family Cards method. The rise of charitable organizations, such as Shantang Shanhui, etc.

Zhang Juzheng's reform (purging officialdom, strengthening official assessment, cutting expenditures, clearing land, reforming the tax system) one-whip method Zheng He's voyages to the West. Qi Jiguang fought against the Japanese, Portugal occupied Macau, and the Netherlands defeated Spain and occupied Taiwan. Border management: Oara and Tatars threatened the northern border defense. In 1571, the Tatar leader Ada Khan entered into a peace treaty with the Ming Dynasty. The title of Dharma King, the leader of Tibetan monks and laymen, was enshrined, the title of king was established, the administrative and administrative department of the capital was established, and the Nurgan capital department was established in the Heilongjiang Basin.

In 1616, Nurhachi was proclaimed Khan and his country was named Dajin. In 1636, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor and changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty. In 1644, Li Zicheng established Dashun and captured Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty fell. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass.

Factories appeared in the Ming Dynasty, commerce prospered, silver trade, business gangs prospered, market towns developed, gold and silver, Lu Wang Xinxue (To Conscience) Progressive Thoughts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (Li Zhi, Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu) Novel and Opera Development Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", Xu Guangqi's "Agricultural Policy Complete Book", Song Yingxing's "Tiangong Kaiwu", Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels" Matteo Ricci's mission

In the memorial system, there is a military department and a literary prison. The governor of Xunfu City is the governor of a province, and the governor is in charge of the military and political power of a province. A three-level provincial system of provinces, prefectures and counties has been formed locally. Regarding assessment, an examination system is implemented, including Jingcha and Daji. Six departments were merged into the Metropolitan Procuratorate "Regulations on Punishment", "Sixteen Articles of the Holy Edict", "Guangxun of the Holy Edict" and "Laws and Regulations of the Qing Dynasty" Lijia system to Baojia system, rural system

Border governance: In 1662, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan. In 1683, the Qing army conquered Taiwan. In 1684, Taiwan was established under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. In the mid-17th century, Tsarist Russia invaded the Heilongjiang Basin. In the early period of Kangxi, the Qing army besieged the Yaksa Russian army. Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689 In 1757, he put down the Junggar rebellion. Put down the rebellion of Xiaohezhuo on Tianshan South Road. The Mongolian areas are governed by two-level units, the League and the Banner. In 1762, Xinjiang established Ili General It was managed by the Dalai Lama of Tibet, and a minister in Tibet was established in 1727. In 1793, the "Imperial Rules for Dealing with the Disaster in Tibet" was established to govern the affairs of Mongolian, Tibetan and other ethnic groups.

The Opium War (the beginning of modern history)

Sanyuanli Anti-British

Defeat in the Opium War, Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing Learn the skills of the barbarians to control them

Sino-British Treaty of Humen

Treaty of Wangxia between China and the United States, Treaty of Huangpu between China and France

Jintian Uprising, Taiping Rebellion broke out Hong Renxuan's "New Chapter of Zizheng", "Celestial Land Acquisition System"

Sino-Russian Treaty of Aihun Treaty of Tianjin between Britain, France, the United States and Russia

Britain and France burn Old Summer Palace "Beijing Treaty" "Treaty of Aihun"

The beginning of the Westernization Movement (Chinese culture and Western culture, seeking wealth through self-improvement)

Jingshi Tongwen Museum was established

Tianjing fell and the Taiping Rebellion failed. Shanghai Gas Company was established

British opens HSBC bank in Hong Kong

Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Administration was founded

Sixties and seventies. Frenchman Han Bolu established the Natural History Museum in Shanghai

Zuo Zongtang regained Xinjiang. Tianjin Customs Letter House is open to the public for mailing services

Tangxu Railway was completed

Great victory at Zhennanguan

Xinjiang Province established

"Sino-French New Testament" "Vietnam Clause"

Sun Yat-sen founded the Revive China Society The Sino-Japanese War broke out Battle of Pyongyang in September

Battle of Weihaiwei in February Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan Anti-Capital Struggles from May to October The Three Kingdoms intervened and returned to Liao

Sheng Xuanhuai founded the Commercial Bank in Shanghai and the Qing Post Office

Letter on the bus, Reform Movement of 1898 (Hundred Days Reform) "New Learning Apocrypha Examination" "Confucius Reform Examination" Establish special economic subjects, abolish stereotyped writing, and reform experimental strategies The Imperial University was established

Boxer Rebellion Southeast Mutual Insurance The first large department store in Hong Kong - Xianshi Department Store was established

"Treaty of Xinchou" The New Deal began in the late Qing Dynasty. Provincial academies, prefectures and counties were reorganized into large, middle and primary schools, and primary education schools were set up.

"The Constitution of the School"

Abolish the imperial examination and establish the Chinese Tongmenghui

Announcement of preparation for constitution. The Qing government promulgated the "Measures for the Promotion of Preserving Antiquities"

Promulgation of the "Outline of the Imperial Constitution"

Zhan Tianyou Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway

Tsinghua Academy was founded. May Royal Cabinet Road protection movement in May. October 10 Wuchang Uprising

On January 1, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing. February 12th "Edict of the Qing Emperor abdicating his throne". On February 15, the provisional Senate elected Sun Yat-sen as provisional president. On March 10, Yuan Shikai took office as interim president. "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" on March 11. The Kuomintang was established in August Capital University changed its name to Peking University

Song Jiaoren was assassinated. Disbanded the Kuomintang in November, the second revolution

"Draft Civil Service Examination Law"

In May, the Constitution of the Republic of China changed the responsible cabinet system to a presidential system. The "Amendment of the Presidential Election Law" will be released at the end of the year

In May, the "Four Civil Treaties between China and Japan" were signed. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in December National Defense Movement

In September, Chen Duxiu founded New Youth

March. Forced to cancel address

In May, the battle between the government and the imperial court, Zhang Xun's restoration, the movement to protect the law, and participation in the First World War

Fourth Movement

On July 23, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was held and the Communist Party of China was established.

The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the maximum program and minimum program

In June, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held and the cooperation agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was adopted.

The Nationalist Party, the First National Congress, and the Three Major Policies of Cooperating with Russia and the Communist Party to Support Agriculture and Industry

The Northern Expedition begins

April 12, July 15 counter-revolutionary coup. Nanchang Uprising, Autumn Harvest Uprising, Ninghan Confluence Development of Bureaucratic Capitalism, 1987 Conference. The idea of ​​armed separatism by workers and peasants, and the road to seizing power with armed forces from the countryside surrounding the cities Adapted from Sanwan

The crusade against Zhang Zuolin and the Huanggutun incident. Jinan tragedy. "Political Training Program" Tsinghua Academy was established as National Tsinghua University The Jinggang Mountains reunited and the Northeast changed its flag.

"Reformation of the New Covenant"

"Civil Service Appointment Regulations" and "Examination Law"

In November, the 1st National Congress of the Chinese Soviet was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi. Announcing the establishment of a provisional central government Mukden Incident

The Anti-Japanese War in Songhu in January (the January 28th Incident), and the Puppet Manchukuo in March

Japanese troops invaded along the Great Wall. "Civil Service Appointment Act"

The Long March begins in October

In October, Wu Qi fought and joined forces. January Zunyi Conference North China Incident, August 1st Declaration, Wayaobao Conference Legal currency reform

Join forces in Huining in October Xi'an Incident in December

July 7th Incident. The Battle of Songhu from August to November. From September to November, the Battle of Taiyuan (the great victory at Pingxingguan and the Battle of Xinkou). The fall of Nanjing in December (Nanjing Massacre (12.13)) Speech in Lushan on July 17. Luochuan meeting of the Communist Party of China in August. On September 22, the CCP proposed a declaration of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the War of Resistance (the Anti-Japanese National United Front was formally formed) Officially announced the abolition of domestic tariffs

From January to May, the Battle of Xuzhou (Victory at Taierzhuang), The Battle of Wuhan from June to October, "On Protracted War"

Hundreds of regiments battle, the battlefield behind enemy lines gradually becomes the main battlefield

Wannan Incident. The third battle of Changsha in December, Base area construction "Political Program for the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region" establishes the Mongolian and Hui Autonomous Region, the three-three system The Soviet-German War broke out in June, and the Pacific War broke out in December.

Chinese Expeditionary Force, "United Nations Declaration"

Japan announced its surrender on August 15th, submitted a letter of surrender on September 3rd, and negotiated the "Double Ten Agreement" in Chongqing in October The CCP proposed to implement autonomy for Inner Mongolia.

In January, five agreements including the Agenda for Peaceful Nation-building were adopted. In June, the Kuomintang besieged the Central Plains Liberated Area From July to October, the People's Liberation Army crushed the Kuomintang's all-out offensive "Constitution of the Republic of China"

"Outline of China's Land Law", marching thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established.

The Kuomintang convened the National Congress to implement the Constitution and the CCP currency system reform The Battle of Liaoshen in September. The Battle of Huaihai in November. The Battle of Pingjin in late November.

Peace talks between the CCP and the Kuomintang in Peiping in April, and the Battle of Crossing the River on April 21 The Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. September 21st Political Consultative Conference "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference". The founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held on October 1st. The founding of New China.

"Labor Insurance Regulations of the People's Republic of China"

Geneva Conference. The first National People's Congress. "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" and "Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China" "Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China"

Bandung Conference.

Long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, eight-character policy. "On the Ten Major Relationships" The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

The First Five-Year Plan was completed. rectification movement

The Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune Movement.

July Lushan Conference

The first missile takes off

Implementation of the Eight-Character Policy (Adjustment, Consolidation, Enrichment and Improvement)

A meeting of 7,000 people in January. China-India border war in June

Put forward the great goal of building four modernizations China and France established diplomatic relations and successfully tested an atomic bomb

War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Vietnam

The Central Cultural Revolution Group was established and the Cultural Revolution was fully launched

The January storm of a full-scale seizure of power occurred. China successfully tested hydrogen bomb

Sino-Soviet conflict, the Battle of Zhenbao Island, the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Criticism and Reform Movement

Dongfanghong satellite launched

Lin Biao's counterrevolutionary clique failed to seize power China restores all legal rights in the United Nations

Normalization of Sino-US relations, establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan

Hybrid rice successfully bred

The end of the cultural revolution

College entrance examination to resume in September

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The great decision of reform and opening up

China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations, "Letter to Compatriots in Taiwan" Self-defense counterattack on China-Vietnam border in February Special economic zone established in July

"Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China"

Household contract responsibility system in January "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" (1982 Constitution) "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China"

"Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law of the People's Republic of China"

May Million Disarmament Join the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

March 863 plan "Five Lectures, Four Beauties and Three Loves" in the 1980s

The Thirteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (one center, two basic points)

Deng Xiaoping's Southern Speech (Science and technology are the primary productive forces), 1992 Consensus

October 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Building a Socialist Market Economic System)

Wang-Koo talks in April In the 1990s, creative activities were carried out with the content of creating civilized cities, civilized villages and towns, and civilized industries.

"Implementation Outline of Patriotism Education" (Taking patriotism education as a basic project for the construction of spiritual civilization)

"China's Food Security" White Paper

The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (establishing Deng Xiaoping Theory as the party’s guiding ideology) Hong Kong's return

Macao's return

China joins WTO "Implementation Outline for Citizen Morality Construction"

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (implementing the important thought of Three Represents and building a moderately prosperous society)

Fight against SARS China's first manned spacecraft successfully launched

China joins the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Food taxes were abolished and the Anti-Secession Law was passed in March. "Civil Service Law of the People's Republic of China"

Review and adoption of the "Measures for the Protection and Management of World Cultural Heritage"

The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development)

Wenchuan earthquake Beijing Olympics

"Food Security Law of the People's Republic of China"

Shanghai World Expo in May

"Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China"

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in November (deeply promoting the five-in-one political, economic, cultural, social and ecological aspects), China's first aircraft carrier Liaoning launched Socialist core values ​​were further refined and formed

Xi Jinping proposed the Belt and Road Initiative Issue of Diaoyu Island

Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou met in Singapore on November 7

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Deciding a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing great rejuvenation) China launches second aircraft carrier Domestic large aircraft C919 successfully made its maiden flight

Adopted the "Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China", Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is enshrined in the fundamental law of the country

Fight the epidemic

"Promulgation of the Civil Code"

Centenary of the Party’s Founding China’s vaccine accession to WTO, Chinese people enter their own space station for the first time

Beijing Winter Olympics 3rd aircraft carrier launched The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

10th Anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative