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Engineering Materials
The outline of engineering materials mainly includes the mechanical properties of materials, Metal crystal structure, heat treatment of steel, Casting, work hardening, crystal transformation, etc.
Edited at 2024-01-02 11:12:57- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Engineering Materials
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
Engineering Materials
Chapter 1 Mechanical Properties of Materials
Metal drawing stage
Resilience stage
The stress-strain curve shows a linear relationship
surrender stage
The stress does not change much, but the strain increases significantly.
plastic deformation stage
The real part elongates uniformly, the stress reaches the maximum value, and has the maximum tensile stress value.
local concentrated deformation stage
The necking phenomenon begins to occur and the stress decreases until the specimen breaks.
3rd degree concept
stiffness
strength
hardness
Hardness measurement method
Brinell hardness
Rockwell hardness
Vickers hardness
Chapter 2 Metal Crystal Structure
Common crystal structures
noodles
Body and mind
Closely packed in six directions
Crystal plane index
Create coordinate system
Take the intercept
Take the reciprocal
to an integer
add()
Crystal orientation index
Build coordinates
make a straight line
Find coordinates
Take an integer
add【】
Subcooling
Concept: The difference between the actual crystallization temperature and the temperature below the melting point
Process: A small core crystal is formed in the liquid, and the crystal grows continuously with it as the center. (nucleation and growth)
crystal defects
point defect
vacant seat
replacement
gap
Surface defects
Grain boundaries
sub-grain boundary
line defect
Dislocation
allotropic transformation
Chapter 6 Heat Treatment of Steel
C curve
727°-550°
P 727°-650°
S 650°-600°
T 600°-550°
B 550°-230°
B on 550°-350°
B lower 350°-230°
M 230°-(-50°){ms mf}
A to M
four fires
Annealing: cooling with furnace
fully annealed
Isothermal annealing
spheroidizing annealing
diffusion annealing
Recrystallization annealing (eliminates work hardening)
Suitable for high carbon steel to reduce hardness, increase toughness and improve cutting performance Eliminate network carbides (making grains grow)
Normalizing: air cooling
Suitable for medium and low carbon steel (refined grain) to strengthen toughness and improve processing performance
Quenching
Improve metal hardness and wear resistance
Tempering (removing quenching stress)
Low temperature tempering
Tempered martensite (150~250) M
High strength, high hardness, high wear resistance
rolling bearing
Medium temperature tempering
Tempered troostite (350~500) T
Better elastic limit and toughness
spring
High temperature tempering
Tempered sorbite (550~650) S
Better overall performance
Structural parts, threads, shafts,
Tempering and tempering: high temperature tempering and quenching
Chapter 14 Casting
fluidity
Cold insulation
Not enough water
Contractibility
Shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity
shrinkage process
liquid shrinkage
solidification shrinkage
cooling shrinkage
Chapter 3 Crystal Transformation
homogeneous transformation
Infinitely soluble in both solids and liquids
Eutectic transition
Limited miscibility in solids and unlimited miscibility in liquids
Leverage Law (Quadratic Leverage)
Chapter 4 Iron-Carbon Alloy Phase Diagram
Chapter 5 Work Hardening
cause
Lattice distortion, distortion caused by crystal defects
Elimination method
Recrystallization annealing T =0.4T melting
what is
The mechanical properties change significantly with metal deformation. As deformation increases, the strength and hardness of the metal increases, and the plastic toughness decreases.
Chapter 7 Industrial Steel
Carburized steel 20CrMnTi
speed change gear
Craftsmanship
Normalizing: Improve cutting performance
Carburizing: Increase surface carbon content
Quenching: Improve surface hardness and wear resistance
Low temperature tempering: reduce internal stress and stabilize the structure
High speed tool steel (W18Cr4V)
High speed cutting steel
Craftsmanship
Forge: Eliminate Fishbone Carbide
Spheroidizing annealing: improve cutting performance and reduce hardness
Quenching: Increase surface hardness and wear resistance
High temperature tempering: eliminate internal stress and improve temper brittleness
Chapter 8 Cast Iron
Gray cast iron: lamellar
Ductile Iron: Spherical
Vermicular graphite cast iron: worm-shaped
Malleable cast iron: fluffy
Chapter 15 Forging
Free forging process
1. Upsetting
2. Pull out long
3. punching
4. bending
5. twist
6. wrong shift
7. cutting
8. Expansion
Two processes of stamping forming
separation
1. cut
2. Blanking
3. punching
4. Trim
deformation
1. bending
2. stretch
3. Flange
Chapter 16 Welding
Welding method
Welding
1. laser
2. arc
3. Plasma
4. electroslag
5. Electron beam
Pressure welding
1. resistance
2. friction
3. ultrasound
4. explode
5. diffusion
6. high frequency
Brazing
1. Soft soldering
2. brazing
Welded joint characteristics
Fusion zone (worst)
binding zone
heat affected zone
Connector method
docking
T-connection
Corner joint
overlap