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A brief history of mankind
As a human being, have you ever thought about these questions: For example, where did human beings come from? How did our ancestors live? If you want to understand the history of human development, this book "A Brief History of Humanity" is not to be missed.
Edited at 2022-08-19 17:57:08- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
A brief history of mankind
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
A brief history of mankind
cognitive revolution
Secret family history
Four Studies
13.5 billion years ago
After the "Big Bang", the matter, energy, time and space of the universe were formed
physics
300,000 years later
Matter and energy form atoms, which further form “molecules”
Chemical
3.8 billion years ago
Molecules combine to form an organism
biology
70,000 years ago
Homo sapiens creates culture
history
Traits
The fallacy of hindsight
The people who really know the situation at that time are the ones least able to see the direction of history.
What seems inevitable in hindsight was never obvious at the time
The most impossible things in modern times are often the things that finally come true.
History is chaos, not inevitable
First level chaos
Not changed by predictions
Level 2 Chaos
Changes due to predictions and can never be predicted accurately
Model
Calculate the probability of occurrence
Cleo, the Blind Goddess of History
History is not for the benefit of mankind
History does not care whether individual organisms are happy or not
Research reasons
Expand horizons
From history to present
History of Homo sapiens
60 million years
Gautina monkey
10 million years
ancient ape
7 million years
ape
3 million years
Homopithecus
Australopithecus
Homo
craftsman
Yuanmou Man
Hobbit
Homo sapiens
15 species
only one left
hybrid breeding theory
Human races interoperate and reproduce, becoming one
alternative theory
Genocide, purification campaigns
Homo sapiens colonized Australia 45,000 years ago, and Australia's large animals became extinct
Large animals reproduce slowly
Homo sapiens mastered fire farming technology
Impact of climate factors
16,000 years ago, around 14,000 B.C., Homo sapiens arrived in the Americas on foot, and American species declined
Humans arrived in Taiwan, China 30,000 years ago
1,500 years ago, humans entered Madagascar and large animals disappeared
Humans arrived in Japan 35,000 years ago
In 1500 B.C., a wave of species extinction occurred in the Pacific Ocean
Three waves of species extinction
first wave
The expansion of foragers
second wave
expansion of farmers
third wave
industrial activities
stock game
Compress the living space of other races
Think about the cost
Increased brain volume
Increased energy consumption
Spend more time looking for food
Muscle atrophy
Walk upright
hands free
manufacturing tools
premature delivery of baby
Excellent social skills
Race with strong social ties
birth language
Gene mutation
There is a lion by the river
Communicate large amounts of information about Homo sapiens' environment and plan and execute complex plans
Gossip
Conveys a large amount of information about social relationships of Homo sapiens
Organize a larger group
Size: 150 people
fictional story
Communicate information about fictional concepts such as tribal guardianship, nations, limited companies, and human rights
deep influence
Cooperation among a large number of strangers and rapid innovation of social behavior
Many fictional stories
judicial
legal story
church
religious story
nation
national story
Fictional stories are the secret to Homo sapiens crossing the "150" threshold
use tools
Top of the food chain
stone tools
religion and commerce
social stratification
fire
cooking
shorten the intestines
Reduce energy consumption
Deter animals
expansion route
east africa
Arabian Peninsula
Eurasia
agricultural revolution
farming trap
Domestication history
animal domestication
9000 BC
sheep
4000 BC
horse
3500 BC
camel
plant domestication
9000 BC
wheat
8000 BC
peas, lentils
5000 BC
olive tree
3500 BC
Grapes, cashew nuts
Between 9000 and 3500 BC
Wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, millet and barley
People are reverse domesticated
settle down
animal viruses
Reduced variety of staple foods
violent conflict
luxury trap
agricultural revolution
Farm animals were domesticated in various places at the same time
Increase in food
population growth
social stratification
trap
The life of the people at the bottom is terrible
Enlightenment
Evolutionary success does not mean individual happiness
Homo sapiens abandons symbiotic relationship with nature
towards greed
prosperity and progress
will eventually lead to destruction
domesticated livestock
disaster
class
time of day
Impact of the Agricultural Revolution
Worry about the weather
fear of extreme weather
Consider production seasonal cycles
Need to reserve food
agricultural uncertainty
settle down
Fixed range of activities
social stratification
Elite level
ruler
order constructed by imagination
true believer
Cannot break away from the order constructed by imagination
Change the existing imaginary order, first imagine and build another set of order
Why you should believe fictional stories
Let people improve cooperation efficiency and create a better society
the only way to cooperate
imagined order
Integrate with the real world
Imagine order forming a network
Leave network node
Alien
Personal values are determined by social class and the opinions of others
shape people's desires
Shape personal values
Guidance requirements
Romanticism, consumerism, nationalism, capitalism, humanism, etc.
The connection of ideas that exists between people
convincing
objective
Not affected by human consciousness and beliefs
subjective
the consciousness and beliefs of a single person
intersubjective
A network of connections between many individual subjective consciousnesses
law
money
god
nation
Propaganda focuses on public opinion
Violence supplemented by coercion
Morality and law build social order
Word
reason
Many people need to cooperate
Huge amount of information
human brain limitations
Limited capacity
die
knowledge lost
cache low
birth
history
From 3500 BC to 3000 BC, the Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia invented writing, which could only partially express meaning.
From 3000 B.C. to 2500 B.C., Sumerian writing was able to fully convey meaning and formed cuneiform writing.
Andes mountain language
egypt ancient egyptian hieroglyphs
In 1200 BC, China developed complete ideograms
1000 BC - 500 BC, complete ideograms of development offices in Mesoamerica
Before the 9th century, Indians invented Arabic numerals
Word
digital information
Record
Bureaucracy needs
Ideographic
develop art
Record
Cataloging and retrieving data
Justice is written by the victors
Fictional imagination differentiates classes
free man/slave
white/black
rich/poor
class
Class defines one’s position
class segregation
vicious circle
indian caste system
America’s Concept of “Cleanness”
African slave trade
racism
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
Sexism
muscle theory
Men are stronger than women
Relying on muscles to force women into submission
gangster theory
men are aggressive
paternal gene theory
Men's genes
Ambitious, competitive, good at politics and economics
woman's genes
Seeking good fortune and avoiding misfortune
Those in power maintain the hierarchy
forward wheel
culture
story
concept
imaginary
think a certain way
act according to specific standards
want something specific
adhere to certain norms
cultural trends
If we stay together for a long time, we will separate. If we stay apart for a long time, we will unite.
10,000 BC
Thousands of human civilizations
2000 BC
hundreds
AD 1450
rapid descent
now
Asia-Africa Circle of Influence
cultural unity
non-homogeneous
Three possible global orders
economic monetary order
history
Shells, horns, hides, salt, cigarettes...
3000 BC
The earliest money system in history: the Sumerian “wheat dollar” system
2500 BC
The emergence of the silver shekel system in Mesopotamia
640 BC
The kingdom of Lydia in western Turkey mints its first coins
ancient rome
silver denarius
How money works
consensus
The most common and most effective mutual trust system
medium of exchange
Coin imprint represents political power
Ensure the value of your coins
sales unit
store of value
value culture endowment
golden faith
value consensus
Crossing cultural divides
dollar hegemony
Unify the international market
U.S. trade surplus
Countries buy U.S. bonds
Keep the dollar stable
external debt
petrodollar
political imperial order
feature
cultural tolerance
Multi-ethnic
Flexible territory
accommodate more land
It doesn’t have to be authoritarian, and scale is not the point.
sin
original sin
Empires are built on blood and maintain power through oppression and war
criticize
The imperial system doesn't work
Conquering different ethnic groups makes it difficult to rule efficiently
Unethical practices
Every ethnic group has conscious rights and should not be controlled by other ethnic groups
Influence
Accelerate the spread of ideas, systems, customs and norms
easy to rule
strengthen legitimacy
cultural assimilation
empire cycle
A small group of people build a big empire
form imperial culture
Imperial culture is recognized and accepted by the subjects
subjects in the name of shared imperial values
demand equal status
Empire founders lose dominance
Imperial culture continues to flourish and carry forward
global empire
Nationalism is rapidly losing ground
Global problems are eroding the legitimacy of independent nation-states themselves
A global empire is not governed by any particular nation or ethnic group
religious global order
global religions
elements
transhuman order
binding norms and values
have
universal qualities
Transhuman order must be universal
Promotional attributes
firmly spread this belief to the public
Pantheism → Polytheism (increasing the status of gods and humans) → Monotheism
course
monotheism
Judaism→Christianity
Islam
Enthusiastic, passionate about preaching
dualist religion
Believe in the existence of two opposing forces, good and evil.
Persian religion
Zoroastrianism
3rd-4th century AD
Manichaeism
laws of nature
worship non-gods
Jainism and Buddhism in India
Taoism and Confucianism in China
Cynicism and Hedonism in the Mediterranean
Gods are also limited by the laws of nature
humanist religion
liberal humanism
Each person has unique and sacred qualities, and personal freedom is sacrosanct.
social humanism
all people are equal
evolutionary humanism
Represented by the Nazis, they believed that humans would evolve or degenerate
Comprehensive photography
monotheistic master
The evil of dualism
polytheistic saint
pantheistic ghosts
scientific revolution
science
Modern scientific systems are different from previous systems of knowledge
admit one's ignorance
Centered on observation and mathematics
Have the ability to develop new technologies
core
Collect various empirical observations and organize them with mathematical tools
Practicality
eliminate biological poverty
Chemical fertilizers dominate
Extend human lifespan
Puzzled
matter to life
life to thought
thoughts to actions
Influenced by economic, political and religious interests
Inseparable from politics, economy and religion
Research costs a lot
Government, corporate, foundation and private funding
Scientists are in the minority who really control the progress of scientific development.
research
Real scientific research does not bring economic results
Capital or empire dominates scientific research
high conversion rate
science empire
Why Europe dominates the world
modern science
admit ignorance
seek new knowledge
navigation
Enrique, Dias, Magellan, Columbus, Vasco da Gama
1768
Captain Cook's Expedition
Arriving in Australia and Greece
Take away the disease and bring back the information
Colonization of Australia and New Zealand resulted in the extinction of native culture and the near-extinction of local aborigines
Promote the development of the medical field
Citrus fruits found to treat scurvy
In 1798, Napoleon invaded Egypt and established the Egyptian University.
In 1831, Darwin formed the theory of evolution.
few people
Forced to develop technology
Industrial Revolution
capitalism
Since 1850
Europe can dominate the world
Cooperation in military, industrial, scientific and other fields
Profit driven
15.16th century
Use war and disease to fill the void in the world
The Fall of the Aztec Empire & the Inca Empire.
Invade Asia and defeat empires
The division of spoils among Europeans
For 300 years
America, Oceania, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean
European carnage
There are many people in China and Persia. If they can solve the problem with manpower, they don’t need technology.
relation
empire
Guiding the direction of scientific and technological development
Benefit
Developing technology to further plunder
Empire funded and used science
Scientific feedback
from top to bottom
national guidance
science capital
1776
Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations"
The economy is a win-win situation
Profits from production must be reinvested in increasing output
Profit of private enterprises
The foundation of society's overall wealth and prosperity
The basis of all human wealth
The selfish desire to increase personal profits
capitalism
The basic principle
Justice, freedom, and happiness all depend on economic growth
Connect with science
Promoted scientific progress
determines the direction of most scientific research
development of science
Promote economic growth
with political connections
credit
economic factors
Impact of political events
marx
Western governments are almost like unions for capitalists
National Credit Rating
Economic data
politics
society
culture
imperial capitalism
commercial empire
Obtain capital efficiently
Everyone is happy to invest
Political intervention in the economy
strange loop
dogma
die-hard capitalist
The government should not interfere in the economy and leave everything to market forces and let them operate freely
The most influential school of thought
free marketism
harm
slave trade
Mississippi Bubble of 1719
The 2007 U.S. real estate bubble
from bottom to top
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
energy conversion
Harness and transform energy effectively
Limited stages
Solve the shortage of raw materials
new alternative energy
Mechanization
Modern animal husbandry only focuses on objective needs and does not pay attention to the subjective needs of animals.
Consumerism
The birth of consumerism
new ethics
rich people
greed, make more money
general public
Satisfy your desires and passions
on the way
animal survival crisis
Deterioration of ecological environment
Features
Be punctual
Strive for precision and consistency
urbanization
Peasant class disappears
The rise of the industrial proletariat
The disintegration of patriarchal society
social revolution
family collapse
The state and market intervene in family relations
Especially the relationship between parents and children
Shaping “imagined communities”
nationality
consuming public
Peace
The cost of war rises, profits fall
Peace
form of wealth
structural changes
Peace becomes a good deal
international trade
win-win
The end of Homo sapiens
Smart design
Genetic Engineering
bionic engineering
Combining organic and inorganic
Cyborg
Inorganic Life Engineering
Create completely inorganic life
robot
future
evolution
perish
Trust translates into more credit
Profit builds trust
Colonies bring profits
New discoveries lead to colonies
Credit finances new discoveries
war
science and technology
trading