MindMap Gallery The shape and structure of bacteria
This is a mind map about the morphology and structure of microbial bacteria, which mainly includes the size and shape, basic structure, special structure, etc. of bacteria.
Edited at 2024-03-23 13:13:39One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
The shape and structure of bacteria
Bacterial size and shape
Observation instrument: optical microscope
Unit of measurement: um
Depending on the form
cocci
bacilli
Spiral bacteria
Gram stain
Gram-positive bacteria (G+ bacteria)
Gram-negative bacteria (G-bacteria)
basic structure
cell wall
Main ingredients: peptidoglycan
Unique to prokaryotic cells, also known as mucin or murein
Common components in the cell walls of G-bacteria and G-bacteria
Function
(Main) Maintain bacterial morphology and protect bacteria
material exchange
related to pathogenicity
related to drug resistance
Related to electrostatic properties
a
G bacteria (Gram-positive bacteria)
Element
peptidoglycan
glycan bone chain
Tetrapeptide side chain
Pentapeptide cross-linking bridge
The main differences in the cell wall peptidoglycan structure of G-bacteria and G-bacteria
Teichoic acid (special component of G bacteria)
G-bacteria (Gram-negative bacteria)
Element
peptidoglycan
glycan backbone
Tetrapeptide side chain
Outer membrane (special component of G-bacteria)
composition
lipoprotein
lipid bilayer
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the endotoxin of G-bacteria
Lipid A
core polysaccharide
specific polysaccharide
Function
Stabilize cell structure
Contains endotoxin
important surface antigens
Similarities and Differences
Bacterial cell wall defective type (bacterial L-type)
concept
G——Protoplast
G-——Spheroplast
Features
Diversity
All G-
Hypertonic low agar serum-containing medium
Poached egg-like colonies
Some are still pathogenic → chronic infection
Certain removal of triggering factors → original bacteria
Can pass bacterial filter
Artificial inducers of bacterial L-forms
Lysozyme
Mechanism of action: cleaves the cell wall glycan skeleton and cleaves β-1,4 glycosidic bonds
penicillin
Mechanism of action: Competitively binds to transpeptidase and inhibits the connection between tetrapeptide side chains and pentapeptide cross-link bridges
cell membrane
structure
Phospholipids, proteins
Cholesterol free
Function
material transport
respiration and secretion
Biosynthesis
Participate in bacterial division
intermediary
Concept: A sac formed by invagination, folding, and curling of part of the bacterial cell membrane
Commonly seen with G bacteria
Function: Mimic mitochondria
Cytoplasm/protoplasm
Ribosome
The only organelle where proteins are synthesized
Bacterial ribosomes are different from eukaryotic ribosomes
Bacterial ribosome sedimentation coefficient 70S (50S 30S)
Streptomycin - 30s subunit nucleoplasm
Erythromycin - 50s subunit
Plasmid
Concept: Genetic material outside bacterial chromosomes, circular closed double-stranded DNA molecules, carrying genetic information
Function: Determines the non-vital traits of bacteria: drug resistance, bacteriocins, sexual pili, etc.
Features
independent replication
can be lost
Structures that are not necessary for bacterial survival
Can pass relevant traits to another bacterium
cytoplasmic granules
store nutrients
Metachromatic granules: store high-energy phosphates and are highly basophilic, helping to identify Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Nucleoplasm
Bacterial prokaryotes, do not have a formed nucleus, the genetic material is called nucleoplasm or nucleoid, and there is no nuclear membrane nucleolar structure
Composition: Single closed circular double-stranded DNA
special structure
capsule
composition
Most – polysaccharides
A few – peptides
Function
Anti-phagocytosis
Enhance bacterial invasiveness, related to pathogenicity
stick
Resistant to harmful substances
flagellum
Classification
Monochaeta
Vibrio cholerae
Goods don't come alone
Dichomycosis
Campylobacter jejuni
Lost money and people
Complexia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A bunch of copper coins
Peritrichosporon
Salmonella typhi
One week of typhoid fever
chemical composition
protein
structure
Basal corpuscle, hook-shaped body, filamentous body
effect
bacterial motility organ
Some bacterial flagella are associated with pathogenicity
Bacterial identification and classification
Antigenicity
Very strong, called flagellar (H) antigen
pili
Many G- bacteria and a few G+ bacteria cannot be seen with the light microscope LM, but can only be seen with the electron microscope EM.
spores
Features
dormant state of bacteria, non-propagules
Substances necessary to preserve the entire life of bacteria
Strong refraction and not easy to color
Most of the bacteria with spores are G bacteria
Function and medical significance
Strong resistance
Sterilization index; kill spores as sterilization (high pressure steam sterilization)
An important source of certain exogenous infections, spores do not directly cause disease