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21 The world of Buddhism from a psychological perspective
This is a mind map of the Buddhist world from 21 psychological perspectives. Understanding Buddhist thought not only helps us understand Eastern psychology, but also helps us better understand psychology.
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21 The world of Buddhism from a psychological perspective
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
Psychology is the Buddhist world of perspective
Foreword.
Understanding Buddhist thought not only helps us understand Eastern psychology, but also helps us better understand psychology.
Principles of Buddhist psychotherapy.
disease definition
The definition of mental illness in Buddhism is greed, anger and ignorance.
Buddhism believes that as long as we are not free from the three poisons of greed, anger and ignorance, we are all patients in reincarnation.
Treatment method
Buddhism
Cause and effect.
The Buddhist principle of treating mental illness is cause and effect.
Asceticism and meditation are widely respected in traditional Indian religions. This kind of solution is all about putting stones over grass. There is no cutting off the roots, no simplification, just like the weeds in the library, once they are involved, they will grow again in the spring breeze.
The Buddha taught us to explore the real cause of suffering, so as to find the right treatment and prescribe the right medicine. This is an important Buddhist idea for solving psychological problems.
Treatment process
practice
The Dharma of the Four Noble Truths: The Cause of Suffering Destroys the Path
Basic principles of treatment
It starts with an honest diagnosis.
The second step is to find the root cause of the disease.
The third is to evaluate the results of treatment and know what the state of health will be like.
Finally, an effective treatment plan can be provided.
This is also the basic principle of Buddhist psychotherapy.
The Four Noble Truths method also contains two layers of cause and effect.
reincarnation cause and effect
Liberation from cause and effect
Reincarnation and liberation are the core issues that Indian culture is most concerned about. Buddhism as a whole is also solving this problem.
The first is to make a correct interpretation of reincarnation, that is, the suffering and the accumulation of suffering in the Four Noble Truths.
Suffering means the pain of life. The confusion of life is a perpetual motion machine that creates pain. Therefore, Buddhism believes that life based on nameless confusion is painful, and this is the cause and effect of reincarnation.
Collection is to explain the origin of pain
The second is to point out the path to liberation beyond reincarnation, that is, the path of cessation and harmony in the Four Noble Truths.
Cessation tells us the state after we have lifted our confusion and extinguished our worries. Buddhism calls it Nirvana. This is the silence after all restlessness has subsided. It is the deep, ultimate and omnipresent silence.
The Tao tells us this method. The many sects of Buddhism have different solutions, the core of which revolves around the Eightfold Path. They are right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration, which also include three parts: precepts, concentration, and wisdom.
Right view. The content of wisdom is to understand the world truthfully and objectively. All troubles are caused by wrong understanding. Only by establishing right views through wisdom can we eradicate troubles.
Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood The content of precepts, that is, correct language, legal behavior and proper occupation, help us establish a healthy lifestyle.
Righteousness, Right Concentration It belongs to the content of concentration meditation.
All Buddhist practices are inseparable from precepts, concentration, and wisdom, also known as the Three No-Omissions. This core is implemented through the Eightfold Path, thereby calming the inner troubles and doubts in life. In Buddhism, the complete cessation of troubles is called Nirvana, or Said to be the end of reincarnation.
In both cases of cause and effect, first talk about the effect and then look for the cause.
First, see the painful reality and know that a life based on confusion is full of pain.
Secondly, we understand that this kind of pain comes from the confusion and troubles of life itself.
Third, know that a healthy life state is one that awakens freedom and joy, that is Nirvana
Finally learn the way to Nirvana.
The Sravakayana and the Bodhisattva Vehicle.
sravakayana
The Shravakayana emits renunciation and achieves personal liberation.
In practice, we focus on the cessation of negative forces. For example, it talks about impermanence, emptiness, and suffering, focusing on negation.
It is believed that Nirvana is the end of spiritual practice.
The Sravakayana is also known as Hinayana Buddhism
A small car that can only hold one person
bodhisattva vehicle
Not only negating the negative, but also focusing on the positive development
He believes that life has two levels, one is a painful life unfolding from nameless confusion, and the other is a happy life that begins with inner awakening.
Not only do you want to escape reincarnation and move toward awakening, but you also want to help all sentient beings move toward awakening.
Bodhisattva Vehicle is also called Mahayana Buddhism.
A cart that can lead countless sentient beings from this shore of reincarnation to the other shore of awakening.
Important discoveries of the Buddha.
Every living being has the potential for enlightenment, the ability to save itself, and can complete self-healing of life.
On the one hand, a truly healthy person is completely free from confusion and troubles, and on the other hand, he fully develops and awakens his potential.
You are the best therapist.
Buddhist understanding of the mind.
Delusion
This is our current state of mind, which is confusing Various psychological phenomena developed on the basis of The thick clouds were turbulent and unpredictable. But in Behind the clouds is a clear sky, never polluted or shaken.
Conscious and subconscious.
The Agama and Consciousness-Only Sutras mainly discuss from the perspective of delusional mind. In particular, the Consciousness-Only Sect divides mental activities into eighty-five and eleven mental states.
Eight senses
six senses
Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind
categories of consciousness
seventh consciousness
Manas consciousness
eighth consciousness
alaya consciousness
subconscious
The seventh consciousness is mana consciousness. In psychological terms, it is the potential awareness of self-protection.
Why are people instinctively self-centered? How did this self-awareness come about? Buddhism believes that it is because the seventh mona consciousness clings to the eighth alaya consciousness as me.
The selflessness mentioned in Buddhism does not mean to deny your existence, but to deny our misunderstanding and attachment to the phenomena of life.
The eighth consciousness, Alaya consciousness, is the carrier of life, equivalent to a warehouse with infinite capacity.
In the process of endless life, all activities of body, speech and mind, every word said and every thing done will leave a record in the heart and become a psychological force, also called a seed. After a certain behavior is repeated continuously, the corresponding Psychological energy is also constantly strengthening. The Consciousness-Wei Sect calls it: the seeds give birth to the current state, and the current state smokes the seeds.
Alaya consciousness is the carrier of reincarnation. It runs through the entire process of life, endlessly, and never rests. The first six consciousnesses will be interrupted.
When consciousness does not work, the person does not die, it is the alaya consciousness that supports the body.
Alaya consciousness is different from the soul. The definition of soul is eternal, but the content of alaya consciousness will continue to change, and its color depth will also continue to change. This is also the value of spiritual practice
Although the alaya consciousness is similar and continuous and not constant, the seventh and final consciousness regards it as constant and unchanging, and then regards it as self, forming a potential innate self-consciousness in life. This It is also the root of all problems.
The psychology of worry and relief.
Buddhism can also be called the psychology of liberation. Buddhism divides psychology into three major parts.
Ordinary psychology, that is, the conventional psychology that is discussed in general psychology. The five aggregates of form, feeling, thought, action, and consciousness contain three common mentalities.
Feeling is an emotional dispute, and there are five types of pain, joy, worry, joy, and equanimity. Among them, pain and joy are mainly physiological, and worry and joy are mainly psychological. If it is not painful, neither joy, nor worry, nor joy, it is called equanimity.
Thinking is thinking and belongs to the category of rational cognition
Action is the will, and it is preparation for action after thinking about it. In addition, what consciousness-only refers to as doing, touching, feeling, thinking, and thinking are also called the five actions, which also belong to the general psychology that pervades all times, all places, and all activities. .
Unwholesome psychology is called trouble in Buddhism, which is the power that disturbs the heart. There are many types of worries. Consciousness-only sect believes that
There are six basic worries: greed, anger, ignorance, pride, suspicion, and evil. There are 20 kinds of incidental worries that arise along with the fundamental worries, which are: 1. The ten kinds of minor worries include anger, hatred, resentment, annoyance, jealousy, thrift, deceit, flattery, harm, and jealousy; 2. There are two types of worries: no shame and no shame; 3. The eight major troubles include restlessness, confusion, disbelief, laziness, carelessness, forgetfulness, distraction, and incorrect knowledge.
Among the fundamental worries, greed, anger, and ignorance are the most prominent, and are called the three poisons in Buddhism.
All mental illnesses are related to greed, anger, and ignorance. Their roots are in ignorance, and they originate directly from greed and anger.
The psychology of kindness corresponds to the psychology of liberation. For example, precepts, concentration, and wisdom, among which wisdom is the foundation, is the correct understanding of the world and life.
Mindfulness must be based on right view and healthy living. Mindfulness is the good and evil of thoughts.
Usually, the five desires and six objects belong to evil thoughts, while reciting Buddha, Dharma and Sangha belong to good thoughts.
According to Theravada Buddhism, mindfulness transcends good and evil, and refers to the inner ability to care and be aware of thoughts.
Zen, mindfulness is emptiness
The first is right view, and then the generation of mindfulness. After having mindfulness, it is concentration, that is, after choosing a certain mental state, settling in it, and constantly repeating it, let mindfulness become the regular state of the heart, and it is the most stable state.
Restless state. Modern people are generally more impetuous. Lack of peace and wandering thoughts are manifestations of loss.
Drowsy state. It means inner chaos and inability to concentrate.
In the practice of concentration, the two states of Ju and Drowsiness must be eliminated.
A state of peace and quiet. Full of all positive energy, it is empty and joyful.
An unbiased state of balance is the original state of life.
sincere.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Nirvana Sutra was translated into China. The core idea is that all living beings have Buddha nature and can become Buddhas.
It's like a rich kid who was kidnapped and trafficked from a foreign country since he was a child. Because he doesn't know his original identity and the billions of assets in his name, he can only wander around. Once he finds his own home, he has everything.
There are many descriptions of this inner awakening in Buddhist scriptures, the most common of which is the metaphor of space.
The void is infinite, and so is the awakening. The void is infinite, and so is the awakening. The void can contain everything, and the awakening can contain everything. But the difference between the heart and the void is that the void is heartless and has no consciousness, while the heart Friendship is conscious and has the function of knowing.
Buddhist solutions to psychological problems.
treatment goals
The first is to completely resolve the inner greed, anger and ignorance
The second is to fully develop the benign qualities of life, that is, great wisdom and great compassion.
Buddha possesses three virtues and two benefits
The three virtues are virtue, wisdom, compassion and virtue.
The virtue of breaking away is the merit of completely eliminating the troubles and attaining Nirvana
Intellectual virtue is the manifestation of great wisdom, achieving fundamental wisdom and subsequent wisdom.
Being unruly is the achievement of great compassion, which is the generation of infinite compassion for some sentient beings.
The two benefits are self-interest and altruism. Not only can you escape from life and death and get out of reincarnation, but you can also help some sentient beings achieve the same benefits.
How can this goal be achieved? The regular practice of Buddhism.
Take refuge.
Taking refuge means taking refuge in the Three Jewels of Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, which includes the external Three Jewels of the abbot and the internal Three Jewels of one's own nature.
Take refuge in the Three External Jewels
The first is to use the Buddha as an example of a healthy personality.
Secondly, establish complete trust in the Dharma, because this is the psychological guidance program provided to us by the Buddha.
Third, there are virtuous and good people as teachers to complete the treatment through practicing according to the law.
The ultimate goal of taking refuge in the external Three Jewels is to help us understand the inner Three Jewels.
Be motivated.
Motivation is the development of psychology. This is the choice that represents the goal of life.
Regardless of whether we practice Buddhism or not, we all publish things every day, including greed, anger, jealousy, compassion, and altruism.
The main issues advocated by Buddhism are renunciation and bodhicitta
Renunciation is the determination to get rid of greed, anger and ignorance, and the five desires and six objects.
Bodhicitta is the extension and perfection of processing, that is, extending this mentality to all living beings, hoping that all living beings can get rid of troubles and move toward liberation.
Discipline and Confession.
The purpose of observing the precepts is to establish a preventive mechanism to control greed, anger, and delusion within a certain range and gradually reduce it, thereby ensuring the health of the personality.
Confession is the remedy for sin.
Buddhist confession consists of two parts: confession and repentance
Confession is to reveal one's faults in front of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, good friends, or Taoist friends.
Regret is the realization of a mistake and the determination not to continue.
Generosity, Patience and Right View
The main practices of the Bodhisattva path include the six perfections of generosity, precepts, patience, diligence, meditation, and prajna. These are all effective means of psychological treatment
Giving means releasing attachments through giving.
Tolerance is to eliminate anger through acceptance. To endure humiliation does not mean to endure it forcefully and not to have an attack. Instead, we should take care of him with wisdom when encountering adversity, and then understand him and accept him, instead of instinctively becoming antagonistic.
Prajna is right view and the core of the six perfections. The first six degrees of giving, etc. are not unique to Buddhism, but are common to worldly laws. Only under the guidance of Prajna wisdom can they become the material of Buddhism.
conclusion
Buddhism and Psychology
The similarity lies in paying attention to the heart and solving people's psychological problems.
The difference is that psychology focuses on solving abnormal psychological problems, while Buddhism believes that as long as there is greed, anger, and ignorance, there is a hidden danger of mental illness, and it is a carrier of troubles.
Therefore, Buddhist practice must not only solve the problems caused by greed, anger, and ignorance, but also solve the problems of greed, anger, and ignorance themselves, and then develop the inherent benign qualities of life. Only in this way can we become a perfect and healthy person in the true sense.